Creating the eye-antennal disc by fission.
Creating the eye-antennal disc by fission.
复制标题
通过裂变形成眼触角盘。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/iyac169
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kumar,JustinP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumar,JustinP
世纪以来，果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）的成虫盘作为成虫结构的模板，一直是解决发育生物学基本问题的强大模型系统。在今年早些时候发表在《遗传学》（Weasner and Kumar 2022）上的一篇文章中，我有幸提供了一个关于眼触角盘的研究。这个上皮囊产生了几乎所有的成年头部结构，包括复眼，单眼，触角，下颚须和周围的头部角质层。我的历史特别关注早期的调查，以了解这种令人惊叹的组织是如何被指定的，确定的，和图案化的。眼触角盘的胚胎起源是本文所涉及的主题之一。我讨论了眼触角盘是否是通过来自不同胚胎片段的细胞合并（融合）而产生的，或者来自单个胚胎片段的一簇细胞是否后来在幼虫发育过程中“分裂”成多个片段（裂变）。当时这个问题最初被裁定，几项研究的结果被解释为表明眼触角盘是通过来自几个胚胎头节的细胞融合而产生的。这一观点是基于几个间接证据和一些假设，正如我的评论所总结的那样。几十年来，这种观点一直没有受到挑战。因此，在撰写我的历史时，我也得出结论，眼睛触角盘是通过融合产生的。然而，Struhl在20世纪80年代早期进行的一项被忽视的研究实际上表明，椎间盘不是通过融合产生的，而是来自一个单一的胚胎部分，该部分后来经历分裂，并在幼虫发育过程中被分割（Struhl 1981）。在给编辑的一封信中（与此回复一起发表），Struhl复活了这项重要的研究，并讨论了他早期的雌雄同体命运映射实验的结果如何明确地将成体头部，上颌骨和触角的2个节段衍生物的祖先放在同一个触角祖先池中。正如他在信中所阐述的那样，这一结果证明了裂变而不是聚变机制，这一结论得到了其他早期发现的独立支持。
For well over a century, the imaginal discs of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which serve as templates for adult structures, have served as powerful model systems for addressing fundamental questions in developmental biology. In an article published earlier this year in Genetics (Weasner and Kumar 2022), I endeavored to provide an accounting of studies that focused on the eye-antennal disc. This epithelial sac gives rise to nearly all adult head structures including the compound eyes, ocelli, antennae, maxillary palps, and surrounding head cuticle. My history paid particular attention to early investigations into how this amazing tissue is specified, determined, and patterned. The embryonic origin of the eye-antennal disc was one of the subjects covered in the article. I addressed whether the eye-antennal disc arises through the coalescing of cells (fusion) from different embryonic segments or whether a cluster of cells from a single embryonic segment is later “split” into multiple segments (fission) during larval development.At the time this question was originally adjudicated, the results from several studies were interpreted as indicating that the eye-antennal disc arises through the fusion of cells from several embryonic head segments. This view was based on several pieces of circumstantial evidence and a few assumptions, as summarized in my review. For decades, this view has gone without challenge. As such, at the time of the writing of my history, I also concluded that the eye-antennal disc arises through fusion. However, a much-overlooked study by Struhl in the early 1980s had, in fact, suggested that the disc does not arise via fusion but instead is derived from a single embryonic segment which later undergoes fission and is segmentally divided during larval development (Struhl 1981). In a Letter to the Editor (which is published with this reply), Struhl resurrects this important study and discusses how the results of his early gynandromorph fate mapping experiments unequivocally place the progenitors of 2 segmental derivatives of the adult head, the maxilla, and antenna, in the same pool of antennal progenitors. As he spells out in his letter, this result argues for a fission rather than a fusion mechanism, a conclusion that is independently supported by other early findings.