What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries?
What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries?
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DOI：
10.1093/epirev/mxv012
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Galea, Sandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Santaella-Tenorio, Julian;Cerda, Magdalena;Galea, Sandro
枪支在全世界造成死亡、受伤和残疾的外部原因中占很大比例。通过管制火器的立法往往是为了减少与火器使用有关的问题。然而，不清楚哪些干预措施是有效的，仍然是政策制定的一个主要挑战。为了应对这一挑战，我们系统地回顾了探索枪支相关法律与枪支凶杀，自杀和意外伤害/死亡之间关系的研究。我们将检索限制在1950年至2014年发表的研究。在10个国家进行的130项研究提供的证据表明，在某些国家，同时执行针对多种枪支限制的法律与枪支死亡人数的减少有关。限制购买的法律（例如，背景检查）和访问（例如，更安全的储存）枪支还分别与亲密伴侣凶杀率和儿童枪支意外死亡率较低有关。研究的局限性包括固有的挑战，他们的生态设计，他们的执行，并缺乏稳健性的结果模型规格。对火器立法的执行或废除（而不是对现行法律的评价）与火器伤害之间的关系进行高质量的研究，将有助于更好地了解在当地情况下哪些干预措施可能奏效。这一信息是推动这一领域向前发展的关键，也是制定有效政策以减轻火器伤害对人口造成负担的关键。
Firearms account for a substantial proportion of external causes of death, injury, and disability across the world. Legislation to regulate firearms has often been passed with the intent of reducing problems related to their use. However, lack of clarity around which interventions are effective remains a major challenge for policy development. Aiming to meet this challenge, we systematically reviewed studies exploring the associations between firearm-related laws and firearm homicides, suicides, and unintentional injuries/deaths. We restricted our search to studies published from 1950 to 2014. Evidence from 130 studies in 10 countries suggests that in certain nations the simultaneous implementation of laws targeting multiple firearms restrictions is associated with reductions in firearm deaths. Laws restricting the purchase of (e.g., background checks) and access to (e.g., safer storage) firearms are also associated with lower rates of intimate partner homicides and firearm unintentional deaths in children, respectively. Limitations of studies include challenges inherent to their ecological design, their execution, and the lack of robustness of findings to model specifications. High quality research on the association between the implementation or repeal of firearm legislation (rather than the evaluation of existing laws) and firearm injuries would lead to a better understanding of what interventions are likely to work given local contexts. This information is key to move this field forward and for the development of effective policies that may counteract the burden that firearm injuries pose on populations.