Menthol pharmacology and its potential impact on cigarette smoking behavior
Menthol pharmacology and its potential impact on cigarette smoking behavior
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DOI：
10.1080/14622200310001649469
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Garrett, BE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahijevych, K;Garrett, BE
薄荷脑是烟草业唯一推广和宣传的烟草添加剂。虽然相当多的研究已经检查了薄荷醇单独给药和未燃烧时的效果，但薄荷醇在香烟烟雾中燃烧时的效果更为复杂，因为它是在4,000多种物质的基质中给药的。因此，当薄荷醇在烟雾混合物中给药时，难以分离薄荷醇的潜在药理学和毒性作用。月经特性包括冷却和局部麻醉，以及对药物吸收和代谢、支气管扩张和呼吸变化以及电生理学的影响。光滑和较不粗糙的主观效果已被确定为薄荷醇香烟吸烟的原因，但关于薄荷醇对一氧化碳暴露和吸烟地形参数的影响，研究结果尚未得出结论。研究文献和未来研究领域的空白包括：（a）薄荷醇在烟草强化和成瘾方面的作用是什么？(b)在没有尼古丁的情况下，薄荷脑会起到增强作用吗？(c)薄荷醇的药理学和生理学作用是由薄荷醇特异性受体介导的还是由其他中枢神经系统介导的？(d)薄荷醇和薄荷醇代谢对烟草烟雾中致癌物的代谢活化和解毒有什么影响？和（e）是否存在差异，在吸烟地形的相互作用，种族，性别和薄荷香烟偏好？这些问题的答案将有助于阐明薄荷醇在卷烟中的作用及其对吸烟行为的影响。
Menthol is the only tobacco additive promoted and advertised by the tobacco industry. Although a considerable body of research has examined the effects of menthol when it is administered alone and unburned, the effects of menthol when burned in cigarette smoke are more complex because it is administered in a matrix of more than 4,000 substances. Therefore, it is difficult to isolate potential pharmacological and toxic effects of menthol when it is administered in a smoke mixture. Menthol properties include cooling and local anesthesia, as well as effects on drug absorption and metabolism, bronchodilation and respiration changes, and electrophysiology. Subjective effects of smoothness and less harshness have been identified as reasons for menthol cigarette smoking, but findings have been inconclusive regarding the effect of menthol on carbon monoxide exposure and smoking topography parameters. Gaps in the research literature and future research areas include the following: (a) What is the role of menthol in tobacco reinforcement and addiction? (b) In the absence of nicotine, is menthol reinforcing? (c) Are the pharmacological and physiological effects of menthol mediated by a menthol-specific receptor or some other central nervous system-mediated action? (d) What are the influences of menthol and menthol metabolism on the metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens in tobacco smoke? and (e) Do differences exist in cigarette smoking topography in relation to the interaction of ethnicity, gender, and menthol cigarette preference? Answers to these questions will help to elucidate the function of menthol in cigarettes and its impact on smoking behavior.