Is the subtropical jet shifting poleward?

Is the subtropical jet shifting poleward?
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副热带急流正在向极地移动吗?

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-019-05084-6
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Maher P
Maher P
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Maher P

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在观测中,热带地区正在以大约每十年一次的速度向极地扩张。这种环流向极地的扩展是使用哈德利环流边缘尺度和低大气热带边缘尺度一致地报告的。然而,一些高层大气热带指标报告的趋势较小,通常并不显著。这样的高层大气指标之一是副热带急流纬度,与哈德利环流边缘相比,它的趋势较小。在这项研究中,我们通过引入一种新的方法来定位副热带急流,并检查副热带急流纬度的趋势和变化,来研究副热带急流位置弱趋势的稳健性。介绍了基于动态对流层顶位温峰值梯度的对流层顶梯度方法。使用这种方法,我们发现副热带急流纬度的趋势确实比每十年一次的趋势要小得多,这与以前的研究一致。我们还发现,如果副热带急流纬度内的自然变化与哈德利环流边缘相似,则不会阻止检测到趋势,因为使用月度数据可以可靠地检测到每十年超过0.24次的趋势,或者使用每日数据可以可靠地检测到每十年超过0.09次的趋势。尽管热带地区向极地扩张,但没有强有力的证据表明,副热带急流在两个半球都向极地转移。无论是目前的诊断方法还是自然变率都不能解释副热带小急流的发展趋势。最有可能的解释是,副热带急流的位置并不是动态地与哈德利环流边缘联系在一起的,这需要进一步的研究。
The tropics are expanding poleward at aboutper decade in observations. This poleward expansion of the circulation is consistently reported using Hadley cell edge metrics and lower-atmospheric tropical edge metrics. However, some upper-atmospheric tropical metrics report smaller trends that are often not significant. One such upper-atmospheric metric is the subtropical jet latitude, which has smaller trends compared to the Hadley cell edge. In this study we investigate the robustness of the weak trends in the subtropical jet position by introducing a new method for locating the subtropical jet, and examining the trends and variability of the subtropical jet latitude. We introduce the tropopause gradient method based on the peak gradient in potential temperature along the dynamic tropopause. Using this method we find the trends in the subtropical jet latitude are indeed much smaller thanper decade, consistent with previous studies. We also find that natural variability within the subtropical jet latitude would not prevent trends from being detected if they were similar to the Hadley cell edge, as trends greater than 0.24per decade could reliably be detected using monthly data or 0.09per decade using daily data. Despite the poleward expansion of the tropics, there is no robust evidence to suggest the subtropical jet is shifting poleward in either hemisphere. Neither the current diagnostic methods nor natural variability can account for the small subtropical jet trends. The most likely explanation, which requires further investigation, is that the subtropical jet position is not tied dynamically to the Hadley cell edge.
DOI: --
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