Aging and working memory inside and outside the focus of attention: dissociations of availability and accessibility.
Aging and working memory inside and outside the focus of attention: dissociations of availability and accessibility.
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老化和工作记忆内外都是关注焦点：可用性和可访问性的分离。
DOI：
10.1080/13825580802061645
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Verhaeghen,Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vaughan,Leslie;Basak,Chandramallika;Hartman,Marilyn;Verhaeghen,Paul
两个实验使用了N-Back任务来测试注意力焦点内外的工作记忆的年龄差异。操纵项目上下文绑定（实验1）和刺激功能绑定（实验2）的难度被用来创建不同的条件，在他们的工作记忆的需求，期望更大的需求可能会增加年龄差异的焦点切换成本和搜索率以外的关注焦点。结果表明，然而，虽然年龄差异是明显的整体速度和准确性的措施，和操作显着影响反应时间和准确性在预期的方向，实验操作没有影响年龄差异。相反，研究结果表明，与年龄相关的准确性下降，但焦点切换和搜索注意力焦点之外的速度却没有下降。因此，与年龄相关的缺陷似乎涉及工作记忆中表征的可用性，而不是它们的可及性。
Two experiments used theN-Back task to test for age differences in working memory inside and outside the focus of attention. Manipulations of the difficulty of item-context binding (Experiment 1) and of stimulus feature binding (Experiment 2) were used to create conditions that varied in their demand on working memory, with the expectation that greater demand might increase age differences in focus-switching costs and the search rate outside the focus of attention. Results showed, however, that although age differences were evident in measures of overall speed and accuracy, and the manipulations significantly affected response times and accuracy in the expected direction, the experimental manipulations had no impact on age differences. Findings instead pointed to age-related reductions in accuracy but not speed of focus-switching and search outside the focus of attention. Thus, age-related deficits appear to involve the availability of representations in working memory, but not their accessibility.