ATM suppresses c-Myc overexpression in the mammary epithelium in response to estrogen.

ATM suppresses c-Myc overexpression in the mammary epithelium in response to estrogen.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111909
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发表时间:
2023-01-31
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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ATM基因突变携带者易患雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌(BC)。ATM通过激活每个细胞中的p53来阻止BC癌的发生;然而,对于ATM丢失后的组织特异性肿瘤发生仍有许多未知之处。在这里,我们报道ATM控制对雌激素的早期转录反应。这种反应依赖于拓扑异构酶II (TOP2),它产生TOP2- dna双链断裂(DSB)复合物并重新连接断裂。当top2介导的结扎失败时,ATM促进DSB修复。雌激素暴露后,top2依赖性dsb出现在人BC细胞的c-MYC增强子上,它们的缺陷修复改变了增强子的激活谱,诱导了包括c-MYC癌基因在内的许多基因的过度表达。CRISPR/Cas9在增强子处的切割也导致c-MYC过表达,表明该DSB导致c-MYC过表达。雌激素处理诱导atm缺陷小鼠乳腺上皮细胞中c-Myc蛋白过表达。总之,ATM抑制了雌激素的c- myc驱动的增殖作用,可能解释了这种组织特异性肿瘤的发生。携带ATM基因突变的女性患雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌的风险增加。Najnin等人强调了ATM在雌激素刺激下抑制乳腺上皮癌基因过表达和异常细胞增殖的作用。
ATM gene mutation carriers are predisposed to estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). ATM prevents BC oncogenesis by activating p53 in every cell; however, much remains unknown about tissue-specific oncogenesis after ATM loss. Here, we report that ATM controls the early transcriptional response to estrogens. This response depends on topoisomerase II (TOP2), which generates TOP2-DNA double-strand break (DSB) complexes and rejoins the breaks. When TOP2-mediated ligation fails, ATM facilitates DSB repair. After estrogen exposure, TOP2-dependent DSBs arise at the c-MYC enhancer in human BC cells, and their defective repair changes the activation profile of enhancers and induces the overexpression of many genes, including the c-MYC oncogene. CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage at the enhancer also causes c-MYC overexpression, indicating that this DSB causes c-MYC overexpression. Estrogen treatment induced c-Myc protein overexpression in mammary epithelial cells of ATM-deficient mice. In conclusion, ATM suppresses the c-Myc-driven proliferative effects of estrogens, possibly explaining such tissue-specific oncogenesis. Women carrying an ATM gene mutation have an increased risk for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Najnin et al. highlight the role of ATM in suppressing oncogene overexpression and abnormal cellular proliferation in the mammary epithelium upon estrogen stimuli.
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