A Multidisciplinary Approach to Research in Small-Scale Societies: Studying Emotions and Facial Expressions in the Field
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Research in Small-Scale Societies: Studying Emotions and Facial Expressions in the Field
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01073
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发表时间：
2016-07-18
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Fridlund, Alan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crivelli, Carlos;Jarillo, Sergio;Fridlund, Alan J.
尽管认知科学从一开始就是多学科的，但对人类学的重视不够，导致该领域在小规模的土著社会中的研究有限。忽视人类学的视角是有风险的，因为曾经规范的认知科学发现往往被证明是文化融合的产物，而不是认知共性。随着越来越多地使用西方理论驱动的方法，其中许多方法假定人类的一致性(“普遍性”)，这种不平衡变得更加严重，因为缺乏强有力的描述性基础，可能提供澄清甚至相反的证据。我们强调有必要对这些缺点采取补救措施，建议在方法上进行双重转变。首先，在土著社会进行的研究可以通过依靠多学科研究小组减少种族中心主义并提高数据质量而受益。其次，为西方社会设计的研究可以很容易地适应该领域不断变化的环境。在这里，我们提供了来自情绪和面部表情领域的例子，以说明在提高数据收集、假设检验和结果解释的质量方面反复出现的问题的潜在解决方案。
Although cognitive science was multidisciplinary from the start, an under-emphasis on anthropology has left the field with limited research in small scale, indigenous societies. Neglecting the anthropological perspective is risky, given that once-canonical cognitive science findings have often been shown to be artifacts of enculturation rather than cognitive universals. This imbalance has become more problematic as the increased use of Western theory-driven approaches, many of which assume human uniformity ("universality"), confronts the absence of a robust descriptive base that might provide clarifying or even contrary evidence. We highlight the need for remedies to such shortcomings by suggesting a two fold methodological shift. First, studies conducted in indigenous societies can benefit by relying on multidisciplinary research groups to diminish ethnocentrism and enhance the quality of the data. Second, studies devised for Western societies can readily be adapted to the changing settings encountered in the field. Here, we provide examples, drawn from the areas of emotion and facial expressions, to illustrate potential solutions to recurrent problems in enhancing the quality of data collection, hypothesis testing, and the interpretation of results.