Strengthening Civil Society from the Outside? Donor-driven Consultation and Participation Processes in Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSP): the Bolivian Case
Strengthening Civil Society from the Outside? Donor-driven Consultation and Participation Processes in Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSP): the Bolivian Case
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从外部加强公民社会？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Renard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Molenaers;R. Renard
1990年代中期，发起了一项倡议，向40多个重债穷国提供公共债权人的特别债务减免。1999年，这一倡议得到进一步完善和扩大，被誉为发展合作的新方法。这个负债国将制定一份减贫战略文件(PRSP)，其中将明确它将如何实现可持续增长和消除贫困的双重目标。这是为了向债权人提供保证，即减免债务所释放的预算资源将用于消除贫困1。有趣的是，捐助界在给予债务减免时附加的条件强调完全由国家“当家作主”，这意味着减贫战略文件进程必须由国家主导，结果必须得到政府的充分支持，而不是一些结构调整计划，这些计划由国际货币基金组织和世界银行的经济学家撰写，并由受援国政府签署，但没有令人信服。一个相关的特点是，减贫战略文件必须以公开和参与性的方式编制2。更具体地说，应征求民间社会的意见，并使其参与编制减贫战略文件。国际捐助界热切支持这样一种观点，即民间社会组织可以在民主和发展中发挥重要作用。现在有大量资金用于加强发展中国家民间社会组织的项目(Howell&Pearce 2000：75)。减贫战略更进一步，坚持政府承认有组织的民间社会为合作伙伴。这使其成为迄今为止最重要的努力，即在宏观层面采用参与性方法(Tikare等人。2001年：3)。
In the mid-1990s, an initiative was launched to provide special debt relief from public creditors to more than forty Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). In 1999, this initiative was further refined and widened in what has been hailed as a new approach to development co-operation. The indebted country is to produce a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which will make clear how it will pursue the twin goals of sustainable growth and combating poverty. This is meant to provide guarantees to creditors that the budgetary resources freed by debt relief will be used tot combat poverty1. Interestingly, the conditions attached by the donor community for granting debt relief emphasize full country ‘ownership’, by which is meant that the PRSP process must be country-led and the result fully backed by the government, in contrast to some of the structural adjustment programs which where written by economists from the IMF and the World Bank and signed without conviction by the recipient government. A related feature is that the PRSP must be produced in an open and participatory2 manner. More specifically, civil society should be consulted and be involved in preparing the PRSP. The international donor community has eagerly espoused the thesis that civil society organizations (CSOs) can play an important role in democracy and development. There is now considerable funding for projects to strengthen CSOs in developing countries (Howell & Pearce 2000: 75). The Poverty Reduction Strategy goes one step further by insisting that organized civil society be acknowledged as a partner by government. This makes it the most important effort to date, to apply participatory approaches at the macro level (Tikare et al. 2001:3).