Writing and Knowing: Toward Redefining the Writing Process
Writing and Knowing: Toward Redefining the Writing Process
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写作与认知：重新定义写作过程
DOI：
10.2307/377164
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
James A. Reither
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James A. Reither
当理论家、研究者和写作教师开始试图找出人们写作时到底发生了什么时，写作研究发生了变化。在过去的十年左右，这门学科的成员主要致力于发现和教授在作曲过程中发生的特殊类型的思维和过程。其目标是用描述性学科取代规范性教学法（选择一个主题，制定论文，大纲，写作，校对），其成员学习和教授“过程而不是产品”。“虽然过程研究的方法受到了挑战，但它对我们理解作曲的贡献受到了理论家和实践者的一致好评。人们普遍认为，过程研究者在回答他们提出的问题方面做得很好。尽管如此，一些人开始指出一些问题，如果他们已经提出了，肯定没有得到回答。例如，理查德·拉森（Richard Larson）曾问：“写作的冲动是如何产生的？“以及，“作者如何确定解决（修辞问题）所需的要素，从记忆中检索或从其他来源找到解决方案所需的项目，然后测试试用解决方案，看看它是否回答了问题？“（250-251）。
Composition Studies was transformed when theorists, researchers, and teachers of writing began trying to find out what actually happens when people write. Over the last decade or so, members of the discipline have striven primarily to discover and teach the special kinds of thinking, the processes, that occur during composing.' The goal has been to replace a prescriptive pedagogy (select a subject, formulate a thesis, outline, write, proofread) with a descriptive discipline whose members study and teach "process not product." Although the methodologies of process research have been challenged, its contributions to our understanding of composing have been applauded by theorists and practitioners alike. The consensus has generally been that process researchers have done a good job of answering the questions they have asked. Still, some are beginning to point to questions that, if they've been raised at all, have certainly not been answered. Richard Larson, for example, has asked, "How does the impulse to write arise?" And, "How does the writer identify the elements needed for a solution [to a rhetorical problem], retrieve from memory or find in some other source(s) the items needed in the solution, and then test the trial solution to see whether it answers the problem?" (250-251).