Synchronous shedding of multiple bat paramyxoviruses coincides with peak periods of Hendra virus spillover
Synchronous shedding of multiple bat paramyxoviruses coincides with peak periods of Hendra virus spillover
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DOI：
10.1080/22221751.2019.1661217
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Clark, Nicholas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peel, Alison J.;Wells, Konstans;Clark, Nicholas
在宿主-寄生虫群落内，病毒共循环和宿主共感染是常态，但对重大新发人畜共患病的研究往往集中在宿主内的单一寄生虫物种上。使用多重副粘病毒珠为基础的PCR从澳大利亚飞狐的尿液样本，我们表明，多病毒脱落飞狐种群是常见的。我们检测到多达9蝙蝠副粘病毒同步脱落。多病毒脱落很少合并成一个极端的，短暂的和空间限制的脱落脉冲，与亨德拉病毒，一个新兴的致命的人畜共患病病原体的高度关注的峰值溢出相一致。在常规监测中，这种极端的多病毒脱落脉冲很容易被遗漏，但对新型病原体向人类和家畜宿主的溢出具有潜在的严重后果。我们还检测到共同出现的模式，提示病毒之间存在相互作用，如促进和交叉免疫。我们认为，多种病毒可能相互作用，影响人畜共患病病原体的脱落和溢出。在更广泛的规模驱动因素（如栖息地丧失）的背景下理解这些相互作用可能有助于预测亨德拉病毒和其他致命的人畜共患病的脱落脉冲。
Within host-parasite communities, viral co-circulation and co-infections of hosts are the norm, yet studies of significant emerging zoonoses tend to focus on a single parasite species within the host. Using a multiplexed paramyxovirus bead-based PCR on urine samples from Australian flying foxes, we show that multi-viral shedding from flying fox populations is common. We detected up to nine bat paramyxoviruses shed synchronously. Multi-viral shedding infrequently coalesced into an extreme, brief and spatially restricted shedding pulse, coinciding with peak spillover of Hendra virus, an emerging fatal zoonotic pathogen of high interest. Such extreme pulses of multi-viral shedding could easily be missed during routine surveillance yet have potentially serious consequences for spillover of novel pathogens to humans and domestic animal hosts. We also detected co-occurrence patterns suggestive of the presence of interactions among viruses, such as facilitation and cross-immunity. We propose that multiple viruses may be interacting, influencing the shedding and spillover of zoonotic pathogens. Understanding these interactions in the context of broader scale drivers, such as habitat loss, may help predict shedding pulses of Hendra virus and other fatal zoonoses.