Inside bilingualism: Language background modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth
Inside bilingualism: Language background modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.12755
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lewkowicz, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birules, Joan;Bosch, Laura;Lewkowicz, David J.
以前的研究结果表明，双语加泰罗尼亚语/西班牙语学习的婴儿参加更多的高度突出的视听冗余线索通常在说话者的嘴比单语婴儿。据推测，对这些线索的更多关注会使学习两种语言的挑战变得更容易。然而，西班牙语和加泰罗尼亚语在节奏和语音上都很接近。这就提出了一种可能性，即双语者只有在他们的语言接近时才依赖于多余的视听线索。为了测试这种可能性，我们将15个月大和4至6岁的近距离语言双语者（西班牙语/加泰罗尼亚语）和远距离语言双语者（西班牙语/“其他”）暴露在说话者说出西班牙语或加泰罗尼亚语（母语）和英语（非母语）独白的视频中，并记录了说话者的眼睛和嘴巴的目光。在这两个年龄段，近距离语言的双语者比远距离语言的双语者更关注说话者的嘴。这表明，语言接近调制选择性注意到说话者的嘴在幼儿期，并建议依赖于更大的显着性的视听语音线索取决于语音处理任务的难度。
Previous findings indicate that bilingual Catalan/Spanish-learning infants attend more to the highly salient audiovisual redundancy cues normally available in a talker's mouth than do monolingual infants. Presumably, greater attention to such cues renders the challenge of learning two languages easier. Spanish and Catalan are, however, rhythmically and phonologically close languages. This raises the possibility that bilinguals only rely on redundant audiovisual cues when their languages are close. To test this possibility, we exposed 15-month-old and 4- to 6-year-old close-language bilinguals (Spanish/Catalan) and distant-language bilinguals (Spanish/"other") to videos of a talker uttering Spanish or Catalan (native) and English (non-native) monologues and recorded eye-gaze to the talker's eyes and mouth. At both ages, the close-language bilinguals attended more to the talker's mouth than the distant-language bilinguals. This indicates that language proximity modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth during early childhood and suggests that reliance on the greater salience of audiovisual speech cues depends on the difficulty of the speech-processing task.