Who, What, When, and Where? Toward a Dimensional Conceptualization of Community Violence Exposure
Who, What, When, and Where? Toward a Dimensional Conceptualization of Community Violence Exposure
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DOI：
10.1037/gpr0000005
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ceballo, Rosario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy, Traci M.;Ceballo, Rosario
大量关于青少年接触社区暴力的心理后果的研究将社区暴力概念化并衡量为一个单一的、同质的结构，不分青红皂白地产生了广泛的结果。然而，人们越来越认识到，社区暴力暴露是由许多不同的特征组成的。因此，提出了一个更维度的理论方法来研究社区暴力暴露；这种方法将更准确地阐明社区暴力暴露与具体结果之间的差异关系。特别是，类型、严重程度、身体接近、关系接近（与所涉人员的熟悉程度）和社区暴力暴露的长期性等维度被认为是潜在的调节因素，这些因素可能单独或相互作用地对青少年的福祉产生不同的影响。为了解释儿童社区暴力经历的更大背景复杂性，提出并讨论了关于新方法方法和研究方向的若干建议。这种理论转变对于增进我们对社区暴力暴露与青年结果之间联系背后的过程的理解，以及为遭受社区暴力的青年提供更有针对性和更有效的干预措施至关重要。
A plethora of research on the psychological consequences of community violence exposure among youth has conceptualized and measured community violence as a single, homogenous construct that indiscriminately gives rise to a wide range of outcomes. However, it is increasingly recognized that community violence exposure is comprised of many disparate characteristics. Thus, a more dimensional theoretical approach to the study of community violence exposure is proposed; such an approach will more precisely clarify how community violence exposure is differentially associated with specific outcomes. In particular, the dimensions of type, severity, physical proximity, relational proximity (familiarity with the persons involved), and chronicity of community violence exposure are suggested as potential moderating factors that may each, individually and in interaction, differentially impact youths' well-being. In order to account for greater contextual complexity in children's experiences of community violence, several recommendations for new methodological approaches and research directions are proposed and discussed. Such a theoretical shift is critical to advance our understanding of the processes underlying the links between community violence exposure and youth outcomes, as well as to inform more targeted and effective interventions for youth exposed to community violence.