Risk of a Rift Valley fever epidemic at the Haj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Risk of a Rift Valley fever epidemic at the Haj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
复制标题
DOI：
10.20506/rst.25.1.1648
复制
发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Davies, F. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, F. G.
裂谷热是一种既影响人类又影响家畜的人畜共患疾病。在人类中，它可以导致致命的出血热疾病。当绵羊、山羊、骆驼和牛等家畜被感染时，感染可能伴有或可能不伴有疾病的临床体征。亚临床和临床受影响的动物作为人类感染源都存在危险。在宰杀时感染的风险最大，因为受感染的血液可能会产生气溶胶，特别是在传统的献祭屠宰做法中。每年在麦加的宗教节日期间，大约有1000万到1500万只小反刍动物被宰杀。其中一些动物来自阿拉伯半岛本身，但大多数动物是从东非和非洲之角国家经红海进口的，已知裂谷热在这些国家具有地方流行性，在动物流行性病毒活动期间可大幅扩增。这些动物可能在疾病潜伏期内被运送到麦加。裂谷热也发生在沙特阿拉伯和也门的蒂哈马地区。
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and domestic animals. In humans, it can cause a fatal haemorrhagic fever disease. When domestic animals such as sheep, goats, camels and cattle are infected, the infection may or may not be accompanied by clinical signs of disease. Both sub-clinical and clinically affected animals present a hazard as a source of infection for humans. The risk of infection is greatest at the time of killing, when aerosols of infected blood may be generated, particularly by traditional sacrificial slaughtering practices. Every year some 10 million to 15 million small ruminants may be slaughtered during the religious festivals at Mecca. Some of these animals come from the Arabian Peninsula itself, but most are imported across the Red Sea, from countries in East Africa and the Horn of Africa, where RVF is known to be enzootic and can be greatly amplified during periods of epizootic virus activity. These animals may be transported to and arrive in Mecca within the incubation period for the disease. Rift Valley fever is also known to occur in the tihama zones of both Saudi Arabia and Yemen.