NAUTILUS - A POOR MODEL FOR THE FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF AMMONOIDS
NAUTILUS - A POOR MODEL FOR THE FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF AMMONOIDS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1502-3931.1993.tb01799.x
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发表时间：
1993-06-15
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
LANDMAN, NH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JACOBS, DK;LANDMAN, NH
从密切相关的生命形式的生物学、功能和行为中得出的推论，有助于解释仅从化石记录中已知的群体的生命模式。选择与系统发育相关的现代“模式生物”可能会对由此产生的解释产生关键影响。化石菊石的生物学和行为通常是根据研究现代鹦鹉螺的证据来解释的。然而，对化石记录的检查和分支分析都表明，海鞘类与菊科类的关系比鹦鹉螺更密切。鞘类的生物学和行为与鹦鹉螺的生物学和行为有很大的不同。因此，将鞘藻类作为例子，而不是仅仅依赖鹦鹉螺属，产生了对氨类生物学的截然不同的看法，并建议应审查完全依赖鹦鹉螺属的氨类生物学和行为的推断。与鹦鹉螺游泳能力有关的两个特征，即静态稳定性和大的伸缩肌，在许多螺类中都大大降低，导致人们解释说，螺类比鹦鹉螺游泳能力更差。然而，对证据的重新检查表明，静态稳定性不应在具有长体腔的菊石的游泳中发挥作用。此外，功能论据表明，类鞘游动机制应该在类鞘藻体腔丧失之前就已经进化。因此，类鞘游动机制很可能在类氨基和类鞘类群分离之前就已经进化。提出了一种机制，通过该机制，在具有长体腔的菊石中，不依赖于牵引肌的大小，可以使用鞘状突游泳机制。
Inferences drawn from the biology, function, and behavior of closely related living forms facilitate interpretation of the mode of life of groups known only from the fossil record. The choice of phylogenetically relevant modem 'model organisms' can have critical bearing on the resulting interpretations. The biology and behavior of fossil ammonoids are often interpreted in the light of evidence derived from the study of modem Nautilus. However, examination of the fossil record and cladistic analyses both indicate that coleoids are much more closely related to ammonoids than is Nautilus. Coleoid biology and behavior differ dramatically from the biology and behavior of Nautilus. Thus, the inclusion of coleoids as examples, rather than reliance on Nautilus alone, produces a strikingly different vision of ammonoid biology and suggests that inferences of ammonoid biology and behavior that rely exclusively on Nautilus should be reviewed. Two features related to swimming ability in Nautilus, static stability and large retractor muscles, are much reduced in many ammonoids, leading to the interpretation that ammonoids were poorer swimmers than Nautilus. However, reexamination of the evidence indicates that static stability should not play a role in the swimming of ammonoids with long body chambers. In addition, functional arguments suggest that a coleoid-like swimming mechanism should have evolved prior to the loss of the body chamber in coleoids. Thus, a coleoid-like swimming mechanism is likely to have evolved prior to the separation of ammonoid and coleoid lineages. A mechanism is proposed by which a coleoid swimming mechanism, independent of retractor muscle size, could function in ammonoids with long body chambers.