Medication use by US crewmembers on the International Space Station
Medication use by US crewmembers on the International Space Station
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DOI：
10.1096/fj.14-264838
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Wotring, Virginia E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wotring, Virginia E.
国际空间站(ISS)的环境包括各种潜在的生理压力，包括低重力、暴露在辐射中的增加、受限的生活和工作场所、繁重的工作量和高公众能见度。这项回顾研究考察了在长时间航天飞行(>；30d)期间的药物使用情况。在10年的时间里，检查了20个任务中超过30天的24名机组人员的用药记录，以了解使用率、有效性和适应症的趋势，以及不良事件的质量、频率和严重程度。研究结果与航天飞机飞行时间较短(16天)的机组人员以及其他有关健康成年人用药的报告进行了比较。国际空间站上最常用的药物是治疗睡眠问题、疼痛、充血或过敏。航天飞行期间的药物使用与航天飞机和成人流动医学中所记录的相似，不同之处在于在航天飞行期间使用的睡眠辅助设备大约高出10倍。在皮疹病例中也有两个明显的治疗失败，这引发了人们对所用治疗的有效性或适宜性的质疑。许多与航天相关的药物使用(至少10%)与舱外活动、锻炼方案或设备和操作驱动的时间表变化有关。看来，航天飞行任务作业(时间表调整和照明)或硬件(舱外活动服和运动器材)的改变可能会减少相当大一部分药物使用的需要。
The environment on the International Space Station (ISS) includes a variety of potential physiologic stressors, including low gravity, elevated exposure to radiation, confined living and working quarters, a heavy workload, and high public visibility. This retrospective study examined medication use during long-duration spaceflights (>30 d). Medication records from 24 crewmembers on 20 missions longer than 30 d over a 10 yr period were examined for trends in usage rates, efficacy, and indication, as well as adverse event quality, frequency, and severity. Results were compared with those from crewmembers on shorter space shuttle missions (>16 d) and other reports of medication use by healthy adults. The most frequently used medications on the ISS were for sleep problems, pain, congestion, or allergy. Medication use during spaceflight missions was similar to that noted on the Space Shuttle and in adult ambulatory medicine, except that usage of sleep aids was about 10 times higher during spaceflight missions. There were also 2 apparent treatment failures in cases of skin rash, raising questions about the efficacy or suitability of the treatments used. Many spaceflight-related medication uses (at least 10%) were linked to extravehicular activities, exercise protocols, or equipment and operationally driven schedule changes. It seems likely that alterations in spaceflight mission operations (schedule-shifting and lighting) or hardware (extravehicular activity suits and exercise equipment) could reduce the need for a sizable fraction of medication uses.