Modern Inorganic Aerogels.
Modern Inorganic Aerogels.
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201611552
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Ziegler;A. Wolf;Wei Liu;A. Herrmann;N. Gaponik;A. Eychmüller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Ziegler;A. Wolf;Wei Liu;A. Herrmann;N. Gaponik;A. Eychmüller
从本质上讲，气凝胶一词描述了物质的一种特殊几何结构。它既不限于任何材料，也不限于任何合成方法。因此，材料的可能种类以及它们的众多应用几乎是无限的。事实上，这同样适用于纳米粒子。这些也仅仅是由它们的几何性质定义的。在过去的几十年里，纳米材料得到了广泛的研究，并在几乎所有的自然科学领域中出现了可能的应用。到目前为止，大量的金属，半导体，氧化物和其他纳米粒子可从胶体合成。然而，对于这些材料的许多应用，需要组装成宏观结构。在这里，我们提出了一个全面的发展，使胶体纳米粒子和气凝胶世界的融合图片。这通过预先形成的纳米颗粒的受控去稳定化而成为可能，这导致它们组装成三维宏观网络。这种革命性的方法使得使用精确控制的纳米颗粒作为具有可编程特性的宏观多孔结构的构建块成为可能。
Essentially, the term aerogel describes a special geometric structure of matter. It is neither limited to any material nor to any synthesis procedure. Hence, the possible variety of materials and therefore the multitude of their applications are almost unbounded. In fact, the same applies for nanoparticles. These are also just defined by their geometrical properties. In the past few decades nano-sized materials have been intensively studied and possible applications appeared in nearly all areas of natural sciences. To date a large variety of metal, semiconductor, oxide, and other nanoparticles are available from colloidal synthesis. However, for many applications of these materials an assembly into macroscopic structures is needed. Here we present a comprehensive picture of the developments that enabled the fusion of the colloidal nanoparticle and the aerogel world. This became possible by the controlled destabilization of pre-formed nanoparticles, which leads to their assembly into three-dimensional macroscopic networks. This revolutionary approach makes it possible to use precisely controlled nanoparticles as building blocks for macroscopic porous structures with programmable properties.