Contribution of food additives to sodium and phosphorus content of diets rich in processed foods.
Contribution of food additives to sodium and phosphorus content of diets rich in processed foods.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.jrn.2013.09.003
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发表时间：
2014-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gutiérrez OM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrigan A;Klinger A;Choquette SS;Luzuriaga-McPherson A;Bell EK;Darnell B;Gutiérrez OM
磷基食品添加剂会增加加工食品中的总磷含量。然而，这些添加剂增加每天总磷摄入量的程度尚不清楚。为了研究磷基食品添加剂对加工食品中总磷含量的贡献，使用营养数据研究系统（NDSR）软件开发了低添加剂和添加剂增强饮食的单独四天菜单。低添加剂饮食的设计符合美国农业部关于能量和磷摄入量的指南（每天约2，000千卡，每天900毫克磷），并含有最少加工的食品。添加剂强化饮食包含与低添加剂饮食相同的食物项目，除了高度加工的食品取代了最低加工的食品。从两种饮食中收集食物，混合，并发送能量和营养摄入量的测量。低添加剂和添加剂增强的饮食平均每天提供约2,200千卡，700毫克钙和3,000毫克钾。每100毫克食物中标准化的钠和磷含量在添加剂强化饮食中每天都高于低添加剂饮食。当在四个菜单日内取平均值时，添加剂增强饮食的测量磷和钠含量分别比低添加剂饮食高606 ± 125和1，329 ± 642 mg，表示总磷和钠含量平均增加60%。当比较添加剂增强饮食的测量值与NDSR估计值时，测量的磷含量与估计的磷含量之间没有统计学显著差异。加工食品中的磷和钠添加剂可以大大增加磷和钠的摄入量，即使在相对健康的饮食中也是如此。目前的饮食软件可以提供加工食品中磷含量的合理估计。
Phosphorus-based food additives increase total phosphorus content of processed foods. However, the extent to which these additives augment total phosphorus intake per day is unclear. In order to examine the contribution of phosphorus-based food additives to the total phosphorus content of processed foods, separate four-day menus for a low-additive and additive-enhanced diet were developed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. The low-additive diet was designed to conform to United States Department of Agriculture guidelines for energy and phosphorus intake (~2,000 kcal per day and 900 mg of phosphorus per day) and contained minimally-processed foods. The additive-enhanced diet contained the same food items as the low-additive diet except that highly-processed foods were substituted for minimally-processed foods. Food items from both diets were collected, blended, and sent for measurement of energy and nutrient intake. Both the low-additive and additive-enhanced diet provided ~2,200 kcal, 700 mg of calcium and 3,000 mg of potassium per day on average. Measured sodium and phosphorus content standardized per 100 mg of food was higher each day of the additive-enhanced diet as compared to the low-additive. When averaged over the four menu days, measured phosphorus and sodium contents of the additive-enhanced diet were 606 ± 125 and 1,329 ± 642 mg higher than the low-additive diet, respectively, representing a 60% increase in total phosphorus and sodium content on average. When comparing the measured values of the additive-enhanced diet to NDSR-estimated values, there were no statistically significant differences in measured vs. estimated phosphorus contents. Phosphorus and sodium additives in processed foods can substantially augment phosphorus and sodium intake, even in relatively healthy diets. Current dietary software may provide reasonable estimates of phosphorus content in processed foods.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Gutierrez, Orlando M.;Katz, Ronit;Ix, Joachim H.
通讯作者：
Ix, Joachim H.
DOI：
10.2215/cjn.02830409
发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Sherman, Richard A.;Mehta, Ojas
通讯作者：
Mehta, Ojas
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ghaddar, Sana;Saoud, I. Patrick
通讯作者：
Saoud, I. Patrick
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anderson CA;Appel LJ;Okuda N;Brown IJ;Chan Q;Zhao L;Ueshima H;Kesteloot H;Miura K;Curb JD;Yoshita K;Elliott P;Yamamoto ME;Stamler J
通讯作者：
Stamler J
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Sherman, Richard A.;Mehta, Ojas
通讯作者：
Mehta, Ojas