Measurability of Nuclear Electric Dipole Moments
Measurability of Nuclear Electric Dipole Moments
复制标题
核电偶极矩的可测量性
DOI：
10.1103/physrev.132.2194
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发表时间：
1963
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Schiff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Schiff
通过计算核电偶极矩与外部电场的相互作用，探讨了测量非常小的核电偶极矩的可能性。结果表明，对于任意形式的外部静电势下的点电荷电偶极子量子系统，存在完全屏蔽；即，无论外部电势的大小如何，介电偶极矩中的一阶相互作用能中都没有项。即使粒子尺寸有限，只要每个粒子的电荷和偶极矩具有 ssme 空间分布，情况也是如此。相对论效应和二阶效应小得令人无趣。然而，如果电荷和力矩分布不同，则存在一阶相互作用，并且如果点电偶极子也带有磁偶极矩，则也存在一阶相互作用。针对氢和氦原子给出了这两种效应的显式计算。研究发现，He/sup 3/核处由磁偶极效应产生的有效电场约为有限尺寸效应产生的有效电场的100倍，约为外部电场的10/sup -7/ 倍。 （授权）
The possibility of measuring a very small nuclear electric dipole moment is explored by calculating the interaction of this moment with an external electric field. It is shown that for a quantum system of point-charged, electric dipoles in an external electrostatic potential of arbitrary form, there is complete shielding; i.e., there is no term in the interaction energy that is of first order in the diectric dipole moments, regardless of the magnitude of the external potential. This is true even if the particles are of finite size, provided that the charge andd dipole moment of each have the ssme spatial distribution. Relativistic and second-order effects are uninterestingly small. There is, however, a first-order interaction if the charge and moment distributions are different, and also for a point electric dipole if it also carries a magnetic dipole moment. Explicit calculations of both effects are given for hydrogen and helium atoms. It is found that the effective electric field at a He/sup 3/ nucleus arising from the magnetic dipole effect is about a hundred times that arising from the finite size effect, and is roughly 10/sup -7/ times the external electric field. (auth)