In search of the gap: temporal and spatial dynamics of settling in natal common tern recruits
In search of the gap: temporal and spatial dynamics of settling in natal common tern recruits
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-015-1954-5
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Becker, Peter H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Becker, Peter H.
在群体鸟类中，首次选择筑巢地点的标准及其时空动态很少被研究。本文讨论了在一个被划分为六个大小和栖息地相等的岛屿的稳定的聚居地，以共同术语Sterna hirundo首次定居的新生动物。利用已知招募年龄的年龄和性别个体的广泛个体数据，我专注于产卵时间，与密度和中心性相关的岛屿选择，以及首次繁殖后的运动。新人的产蛋日期安排在有经验的和替代的育种者之间。早卵比例、密度和年龄在岛屿边缘（首选区域）较高，而晚卵比例在岛屿中心（首选区域）较高。68%的新兵在中心定居，只有32%的人在岛屿边缘定居。随着年龄的增长，繁殖者将筑巢地点从岛屿中心转移到边缘。在18年中，有7年的年度征聘人数在各岛屿之间分布不均。密度对岛屿的选择没有影响，但在新兵数量少的年份，它们的聚集性更明显。新兵对特定岛屿的偏好很少持续超过2年。在招募后的一年里，中部地区的枯竭最初吸引了新的招募者，后来又有一批人转到另一个岛屿。新蚁的定居动态表明，在特定的亚群中，新蚁吸引或排斥新蚁的倾向存在差异，这受群体粘附性、群体规模、密度、产卵日期随年龄的增长和巢址向首选亚群外围移动的影响。
In colonial birds, criteria used for the first choice of a nest site and its temporal and spatial dynamics are rarely studied. This paper addresses first settlement of natal recruits in common terns Sterna hirundo at a stable colony site subdivided into six islands of equal size and habitat. Using extensive individual-based data of aged and sexed individuals with known recruitment age, I focus on timing of laying, island selection in relation to density and centrality, and movements after first breeding. Recruits' laying date was timed between that of experienced and replacement breeders. The proportion of early clutches, density, and age of breeders were higher at the islands' edge (the preferred area), whereas late clutches predominated at the center. Sixty-eight percent of recruits settled at the center and only 32 % at the islands' edge. With advancing age, breeders shifted nest sites from the island center towards the edge. In 7 out of 18 years, annual recruit numbers were not evenly distributed among the islands. Density did not affect island selection, but in years with low numbers of recruits, their aggregation was more distinct. Recruits' preference of a specific island rarely lasted more than 2 years. Depletion of the central area in the year after recruitment initially attracted new recruits before succeeding cohorts switched to another island. The dynamics of recruits' settlement indicate diverging tendencies of attracting or repelling recruits at a specific subcolony, affected by group adherence and cohort size, density, and advancing laying date with age and shifts of nest sites towards the preferred subcolony periphery.