Responses to various exposure durations of levonorgestrel during early-life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Responses to various exposure durations of levonorgestrel during early-life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.029
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
M. Overturf;D. Huggett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Overturf;D. Huggett
药物在环境中经常被检测到;其中几种化合物由于其对水生生物内分泌系统的潜在影响而被广泛研究。合成孕激素对硬骨鱼类繁殖的负面影响最近才被研究。目前的研究检查了不同的暴露期，可能是最敏感的左炔诺孕酮（LNG）在早期阶段的黑头呆鱼幼虫。从受精卵开始至孵化后28天（dph），将仔鱼暴露于单一浓度的LNG（125 ng/L）中不同时间，测定生长和FSH、3β-HSD、20β-HSD和CYP 19 a1的mRNA表达。无论暴露的持续时间，液化天然气显着降低了黑头呆鱼幼虫在第28天的增长。对于20β-HSD和CYP 19 a1，在LNG暴露持续时间≥7天后，mRNA表达降低。3β-HSD和FSH在暴露于LNG后表现出相似的趋势，发育后期表现出表达降低。20β-HSD和3β-HSD是在7-14 dph LNG暴露后将幼虫移到清洁水中后保持下调的唯一转录物。这项研究是第一次调查暴露时间对合成的鱼精蛋白对发育中的鱼的影响。未来的研究需要了解这些变化对成人发育阶段的影响。
Pharmaceuticals are routinely detected in the environment; and several of these compounds have been extensively researched due to their potential impacts to the endocrine system of aquatic organisms. The negative reproductive consequences of synthetic progestins in teleost species have only recently been investigated. The current study examined different exposure periods that may be most sensitive for levonorgestrel (LNG) in early-life stages of fathead minnow larvae. Larvae were exposed to a single concentration of LNG (125 ng/L) for different durations from fertilized egg through 28 days post hatch (dph) with growth and mRNA expression of FSH, 3β-HSD, 20β-HSD, and CYP19a1 measured. Regardless of the duration of exposure, LNG significantly decreased growth in the fathead minnow larvae at day 28. For both 20β-HSD and CYP19a1, mRNA expression was decreased following LNG exposure durations ≥7 days. 3β-HSD and FSH showed similar trends after exposure to LNG with later stages of development exhibiting decreased expression. 20β-HSD and 3β-HSD were the only transcripts to remain down regulated once larvae were moved to clean water after the 7–14 dph LNG exposure. This study is the first to investigate the effects of exposure time to a synthetic progestin on developing fish. Future research is needed to understand what impacts these changes have on adult stages of development.