Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome
Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2019.00121
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发表时间：
2019-07-11
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wray, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cho, Hyun-Ju;Shan, Yufei;Wray, Susan
促性腺激素释放激素-1（GnRH）神经元的发育对于脊椎动物生殖系统的功能具有重要意义。GnRH的破坏导致性腺功能减退，如果伴有嗅觉丧失，则称为卡尔曼综合征（KS）。GnRH神经元从鼻基板的起源起，沿着嗅觉衍生的犁鼻轴突迁移到鼻前脑交界处，然后向尾部转入发育中的前脑。虽然对GnRH神经元起源、迁移和KS相关基因的研究已经确定了影响该系统发育的多种因素，但仍有几个方面尚不清楚。这篇综述讨论了嗅觉系统的发展，调节GnRH神经元的形成和嗅觉系统的发展，GnRH神经元从鼻子迁移到大脑的因素，以及正常GnRH/嗅觉系统发育中断导致的KS突变。
The development of Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons is important for a functional reproduction system in vertebrates. Disruption of GnRH results in hypogonadism and if accompanied by anosmia is termed Kallmann Syndrome (KS). From their origin in the nasal placode, GnRH neurons migrate along the olfactory-derived vomeronasal axons to the nasal forebrain junction and then turn caudally into the developing forebrain. Although research on the origin of GnRH neurons, their migration and genes associated with KS has identified multiple factors that influence development of this system, several aspects still remain unclear. This review discusses development of the olfactory system, factors that regulate GnRH neuron formation and development of the olfactory system, migration of the GnRH neurons from the nose into the brain, and mutations in humans with KS that result from disruption of normal GnRH/olfactory systems development.