The development of contingent reciprocity in children
The development of contingent reciprocity in children
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.001
复制
发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Silk, Joan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
House, Bailey;Henrich, Joseph;Silk, Joan B.
非亲属之间的合作在人类中很常见。互惠利他主义是一种看似合理的进化机制，用于在不相关的配对中进行合作，因为选择可能倾向于有选择地与过去曾与自己合作过的个体合作。互惠行为在人类中经常被观察到，但在其他灵长类物种中，互惠利他行为的证据有限，这引发了关于人类互惠行为起源的问题。在这里，我们探讨互惠是如何在3至7.5岁的美国儿童样本中发展的，并将儿童的行为与先前研究中的黑猩猩的行为进行比较，以深入了解人类互惠的系统发育。儿童对亲社会行为和自私行为都表现出明显的随机反应倾向，这种模式在之前的研究中没有在黑猩猩身上发现。我们的研究结果表明，在这群孩子中，互惠性随着年龄的增长而显著增加，到大约5.5岁时，孩子们的行为一直与他们的伴侣之前的行为相匹配。(C) 2013出版的爱思唯尔公司。
Cooperation between nonrelatives is common in humans. Reciprocal altruism is a plausible evolutionary mechanism for cooperation within unrelated pairs, as selection may favor individuals who selectively cooperate with those who have cooperated with them in the past. Reciprocity is often observed in humans, but there is only limited evidence of reciprocal altruism in other primate species, raising questions about the origins of human reciprocity. Here, we explore how reciprocity develops in a sample of American children ranging from 3 to 7.5 years of age, and also compare children's behavior to that of chimpanzees in prior studies to gain insight into the phylogeny of human reciprocity. Children show a marked tendency to respond contingently to both prosocial and selfish acts, patterns that have not been seen among chimpanzees in prior studies. Our results show that reciprocity increases markedly with age in this population of children, and by about 5.5 years of age children consistently match the previous behavior of their partners. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.