From Empathy to Apathy: The Bystander Effect Revisited
From Empathy to Apathy: The Bystander Effect Revisited
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721417749653
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
de Gelder, Beatrice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hortensius, Ruud;de Gelder, Beatrice
旁观者效应，即在其他人在场的情况下帮助行为的减少，主要被解释为对决策的情境影响。从这个角度来看，我们强调最近的证据，确定冷漠的旁观者的神经机制和性格因素。我们提出了一个新的理论观点，整合情感，动机和气质方面。在其他旁观者在场的情况下，个人的痛苦会增强，回避和冻结的固定行动模式占主导地位。这种新的观点认为，旁观者冷漠是一种依赖于旁观者个性的反射性情绪反应的结果。
The bystander effect, the reduction in helping behavior in the presence of other people, has been explained predominantly by situational influences on decision making. Diverging from this view, we highlight recent evidence on the neural mechanisms and dispositional factors that determine apathy in bystanders. We put forward a new theoretical perspective that integrates emotional, motivational, and dispositional aspects. In the presence of other bystanders, personal distress is enhanced, and fixed action patterns of avoidance and freezing dominate. This new perspective suggests that bystander apathy results from a reflexive emotional reaction dependent on the personality of the bystander.