Harnessing Microbiota to Improve Immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers.
Harnessing Microbiota to Improve Immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers.
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DOI：
10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0164
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发表时间：
2022-11-02
影响因子：
10.1
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中科院分区：
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免疫检查点阻断已经彻底改变了癌症治疗干预的机会，但在大多数患者和一些常见类型的肿瘤中表现出低频率的反应。一种新兴的范式支持这样的观点，即栖息在胃肠道中的数万亿正常有益的微生物（称为微生物群）对免疫检查点阻断诱导的抗肿瘤免疫的成功或失败产生关键影响。在这里，我们简要总结了目前关于微生物群和免疫系统之间的相互作用如何影响癌症免疫治疗结果的知识。我们认为，这种免疫-微生物群对话在胃肠道癌症中特别重要，这些癌症对免疫检查点阻断表现出显著的抵抗力，并且内在地在一个独特的环境中发展，该环境富含免疫细胞网络和直接暴露于微生物群。最后，我们关注未来的研究应该如何确定微生物群是否可以作为一种策略来提高这些背景下及其他情况下的抗肿瘤免疫力。
Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized opportunities for therapeutic intervention in cancer but demonstrate a low frequency of response in most patients and in some common types of tumors. An emerging paradigm supports the notion that trillions of normally beneficial microbes inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, termed the microbiota, critically impact the success or failure of antitumor immunity induced by immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on how interactions between the microbiota and immune system are contributing to the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. We propose that this immune–microbiota dialogue is particularly important in gastrointestinal cancers that exhibit striking resistance to immune checkpoint blockade and inherently develop in a unique environment that is rich in both immune-cell networks and direct exposure to the microbiota. Finally, we focus on how future studies should determine whether microbiota can be harnessed as a strategy to boost antitumor immunity in these contexts and beyond.