SIZE VARIATION, GROWTH STRATEGIES, AND THE EVOLUTION OF MODULARITY IN THE MAMMALIAN SKULL
SIZE VARIATION, GROWTH STRATEGIES, AND THE EVOLUTION OF MODULARITY IN THE MAMMALIAN SKULL
复制标题
哺乳动物头骨的大小变化、生长策略和模块化的进化
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Marroig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Porto;L. T. Shirai;F. B. Oliveira;G. Marroig
异速生长是种群内性状关联模式的主要决定因素，因此也是形态整合研究的主要组成部分。即便如此，体型变化对进化变化的影响在很大程度上仍未得到重视。在这里，我们探索了来自35个哺乳动物家族代表的头骨的异速大小变化、模块化和生活史策略之间的相互作用。我们首先从物种内部数据中去除大小变化，并分析其对整合幅度、模块化模式和对选择的响应的影响。我们还进行了一个模拟，其中我们人为地改变了大小变化对分类群内矩阵的影响。最后，我们探讨了规模变化与不同增长策略之间的关系。我们证明，哺乳动物头骨的模块化进化的很大一部分与生长策略的进化有关。具有高晚育新生儿的世系，其成体变异模式以大小变异为主，导致性状之间的高度相关性，而不考虑任何潜在的模块化过程，并直接影响它们对选择的反应潜力。更大的影响与更大的模块间相关性、更少的个性化模块以及对自然选择的更不灵活的反应有关。
Allometry is a major determinant of within‐population patterns of association among traits and, therefore, a major component of morphological integration studies. Even so, the influence of size variation over evolutionary change has been largely unappreciated. Here, we explore the interplay between allometric size variation, modularity, and life‐history strategies in the skull from representatives of 35 mammalian families. We start by removing size variation from within‐species data and analyzing its influence on integration magnitudes, modularity patterns, and responses to selection. We also carry out a simulation in which we artificially alter the influence of size variation in within‐taxa matrices. Finally, we explore the relationship between size variation and different growth strategies. We demonstrate that a large portion of the evolution of modularity in the mammalian skull is associated to the evolution of growth strategies. Lineages with highly altricial neonates have adult variation patterns dominated by size variation, leading to high correlations among traits regardless of any underlying modular process and impacting directly their potential to respond to selection. Greater influence of size variation is associated to larger intermodule correlations, less individualized modules, and less flexible responses to natural selection.