Molecular mapping of movement-associated areas in the avian brain: a motor theory for vocal learning origin.
Molecular mapping of movement-associated areas in the avian brain: a motor theory for vocal learning origin.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001768
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发表时间：
2008-03-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jarvis, Erich D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feenders, Gesa;Liedvogel, Miriam;Rivas, Miriam;Zapka, Manuela;Horita, Haruhito;Hara, Erina;Wada, Kazuhiro;Mouritsen, Henrik;Jarvis, Erich D.
声音学习是人类口语的关键行为基础。这是在三个远亲鸟类——鸣鸟、蜂鸟和鹦鹉——中发现的罕见特征。这些鸟类群体具有非常相似的大脑声核系统，用于控制习得发声，而这些系统在与它们关系更密切的非学习发声近亲中却没有发现。这些发现得出了这样的假设：不同群体中声音学习的大脑通路是独立于共同祖先进化的，但受到预先存在的限制。在这里，我们提出了一个约束条件，即一种预先存在的运动控制系统。通过行为分子图谱，我们发现鸣禽、鹦鹉和蜂鸟的所有大脑发声学习核都与肢体和身体运动期间活跃的离散大脑区域相邻。与声带核激活和歌唱之间的关系类似，邻近区域的激活与运动量相关，并且与听觉和视觉输入无关。这些与运动相关的相同大脑区域也存在于不学习发声且大脑声核萎缩的雌性鸣禽中，以及不学习发声且没有大脑声核的斑鸠身上。先前在鸣禽中进行的神经追踪实验的汇编表明，与运动相关的区域连接在一个与相邻的声音学习系统并行的网络中。这项研究是我们所知的第一个关于鸟类大脑运动相关区域的全球图谱，它表明控制远缘鸟类声音学习的大脑系统与参与运动控制的大脑系统直接相邻。基于这些发现，我们提出了声乐学习起源的运动理论，即声乐学习者中专门用于声乐学习的大脑区域进化为控制运动的预先存在的运动通路的专门化。
Vocal learning is a critical behavioral substrate for spoken human language. It is a rare trait found in three distantly related groups of birds-songbirds, hummingbirds, and parrots. These avian groups have remarkably similar systems of cerebral vocal nuclei for the control of learned vocalizations that are not found in their more closely related vocal non-learning relatives. These findings led to the hypothesis that brain pathways for vocal learning in different groups evolved independently from a common ancestor but under pre-existing constraints. Here, we suggest one constraint, a pre-existing system for movement control. Using behavioral molecular mapping, we discovered that in songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds, all cerebral vocal learning nuclei are adjacent to discrete brain areas active during limb and body movements. Similar to the relationships between vocal nuclei activation and singing, activation in the adjacent areas correlated with the amount of movement performed and was independent of auditory and visual input. These same movement-associated brain areas were also present in female songbirds that do not learn vocalizations and have atrophied cerebral vocal nuclei, and in ring doves that are vocal non-learners and do not have cerebral vocal nuclei. A compilation of previous neural tracing experiments in songbirds suggests that the movement-associated areas are connected in a network that is in parallel with the adjacent vocal learning system. This study is the first global mapping that we are aware for movement-associated areas of the avian cerebrum and it indicates that brain systems that control vocal learning in distantly related birds are directly adjacent to brain systems involved in movement control. Based upon these findings, we propose a motor theory for the origin of vocal learning, this being that the brain areas specialized for vocal learning in vocal learners evolved as a specialization of a pre-existing motor pathway that controls movement.
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