The Desert Culture of the Western Great Basin: A Lifeway of Seasonal Transhumance
The Desert Culture of the Western Great Basin: A Lifeway of Seasonal Transhumance
复制标题
西部大盆地的沙漠文化：季节性游牧的生活方式
DOI：
10.2307/278490
复制
发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
E. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Davis
季节性迁移是西部大盆地沙漠文化的一个重要特征。人种学研究为我们提供了大量关于原始历史群体的土地利用和季节循环的知识，比如加州莫诺湖的库泽迪卡·派尤特人。考古学将人种学带回到过去，表明派尤特人的遗址以前被一长段时间的祖先所利用，他们中的大多数人是普遍的沙漠文化采集者，他们以狩猎为副业。对来自塞拉山前的抛射点的分析表明，沙漠文化的人们居住在很高的地方，在某些季节是高地猎人。另一方面，最早的人类是山谷和草原上的猎人。最近在内华达州和加利福尼亚州的溪谷中发现的克洛维人和福尔索姆人的器物都指向了前沙漠文化的生活方式，强调肉食而不是种子、树根、昆虫和啮齿动物。从早期的大型草原食草动物狩猎到后来的一般采集和季节性迁徙的转变似乎代表了一种不间断的进化。这些变化通过构成本研究部分数据的积分点类型来显示。
Abstract The practice of seasonal transhumance was a central feature of the Desert culture of the western Great Basin. Ethnographic studies have provided us with considerable knowledge of the land-use and seasonal rounds of protohistoric groups such as the Kuzedika Paiute of Mono Lake, California. Archaeology carries ethnography backward in time, indicating that Paiute sites were formerly utilized by a long succession of predecessors, most of whom were generalized Desert culture gatherers who hunted on the side. An analysis of projectile points from the Sierra piedmont indicates that Desert culture peoples ranged very high and were upland hunters at certain seasons. On the other hand, the earliest people were valley and grassland hunters. Recent discoveries of both Clovis and Folsom artifacts in the stream valleys of Nevada and California point to a pre-Desert culture way of life, with an emphasis on big meat rather than on seeds, roots, insects, and rodents. The transition from this early hunting of large, grassland herbivores to later general collecting and to seasonal transhumance appears to represent an unbroken evolution. These changes are shown by intergrading point types which constitute part of the data in this study.