From Drums to Frying Pans, From Party Membership Card to “Magic Branch” Withe: Three Generations of Nanai Shamans
From Drums to Frying Pans, From Party Membership Card to “Magic Branch” Withe: Three Generations of Nanai Shamans
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从鼓到煎锅，从党员证到“神棍”：三代纳奈萨满
DOI：
10.7592/fejf2009.41.bulgakova
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Tatiana D. Bulgakova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tatiana D. Bulgakova
纳奈在20世纪经历的每一次激进的变化都将俄罗斯这个土著少数民族的年轻人分为两个群体--激进派和保守派，分享老一代的价值观。这样，在苏维埃政权建立时期，激进派是镇压萨满的共产主义青年团（共青团）成员，而保守派则是成为萨满但被迫放弃使用萨满鼓而开始使用锅盖或煎锅的年轻人。在20世纪60年代和70年代的变化中，激进分子的活动变得更加被动，不仅他们，而且保守派（萨满教的实践者及其客户）也成为共青团的成员。在后改革时期，社会角色发生了变化。年轻的那奈是复兴的萨满教的信徒，他们成为激进分子，实践他们从大众媒体上采用的新形式的萨满教。他们保留了萨满教实践的某些传统元素，比如使用魔杖作为测量被治愈者“能量水平”的工具。这种转变显示了萨满教的灵活性及其适应不断变化的思想文化环境的能力。
Every radical change that Nanai experienced in the 20th century divided the young people of this indigenous minority in Russia in two groups – radicals and conservatives, sharing values of the older generation. This way, in the period of establishing the Soviet power, radicals were members of the Young Communist League (Komsomol) who repressed shamans, whereas conservatives were those young people who became shamans but were forced to give up using shamanic drums and begun using pot lids or frying pans. During the changes in the 1960s and 1970s, the activity of radicals became more passive and not only they but also the conservatives (practitioners of shamanism and their customers) became members of the Komsomol. In the post-perestroika period, the social roles changed. Young Nanai, adherents of the revived shamanism, became radicals who practiced new forms of shamanism that they had adopted from the mass media. They maintained certain traditional elements of shamanic practices like using withe as a tool for measuring a healed person’s ‘level of energy’. Such transformations demonstrate the flexibility of shamanism and its ability to adapt to the changing ideological and cultural environment.