The saga of schistosome migration and attrition
The saga of schistosome migration and attrition
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182009005708
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wilson, R. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson, R. A.
血吸虫通过直接穿透皮肤感染哺乳动物宿主，然后必须经过漫长的迁徙到寄生部位，对于曼氏血吸虫来说，是肝脏门静脉系统。本文回顾了1976年至1986年间发表的研究成果，阐明了我们对实验室小鼠这一过程的理解。组织病理学、幼虫注射实验和放射自显影追踪的结合显示，在心排血量偶然转移到间接通向门静脉的内脏动脉之前，迁移涉及肺-全身脉管系统的一个到几个回路。建立了通过不同毛细血管床的迁移动力学，在未成熟小鼠的肺部而不是皮肤证明是最大的障碍；一部分血吸虫进入肺泡后没有恢复。慢性感染小鼠表现出的“免疫力”被证明是“渗漏”的肝门静脉系统的人工产物，是鸡蛋诱导的肝脏病理的结果。在接种辐照尾蚴疫苗的小鼠中，肺血吸虫周围发生的免疫介导的炎症灶加剧了肺迁移的阻断，从而降低了成熟的比例，但寄生虫的消除是一个漫长的过程，而不是一个急性的细胞溶解“打击”。
Schistosomes infect the mammalian host by direct penetration of the skin and must then undergo a protracted migration to the site of parasitization, for Schistosoma mansoni the hepatic portal vasculature. This article reviews the work published roughly between 1976 and 1986 that clarified Our understanding of the process in the laboratory mouse. A combination of histopathology, larval injection experiments and autoradiographic tracking revealed that migration involved one to several circuits of the pulmonary-systemic vasculature before chance delivery in cardiac Output to splanchnic arteries that lead indirectly, to the portal tract. The kinetics of migration through different capillary beds was established, with the lungs Of naive mice not the skin proving the greatest obstacle; a proportion of schistosomula entered the alveoli from where they did not recover. The 'immunity' displayed by mice with a chronic infection was shown to be an artefact of a 'leaky' hepatic portal system, generated as a result of egg-induced hepatic pathology. The blockade of pulmonary migration was exacerbated in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae by immune-mediated inflammatory foci that developed around lung schistosomula thus decreasing the proportion that Matured, but parasite elimination was a prolonged process, not an acute cytolytic 'hit.'