Empirical ethics, context-sensitivity, and contextualism
Empirical ethics, context-sensitivity, and contextualism
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DOI：
10.1080/03605310500253030
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Musschenga, AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Musschenga, AW
在医学伦理学、商业伦理学和政治哲学的一些分支（多元文化主义、公正分配和公平分配问题）中，文献越来越多地结合了伦理学和社会科学的见解。一些医学伦理学的作者甚至谈到伦理学历史的一个新阶段，称赞“经验伦理学”是实践伦理学转向“应用伦理学”之后发展的合乎逻辑的下一步。“经验伦理学”这个名称是不恰当的，因为它与“描述伦理学”有关联。然而，与描述伦理学不同的是，经验伦理学旨在既具有描述性又具有规范性。我关注的第一个问题是经验伦理学使用什么样的实证研究，以及用于什么目的。我认为，所有经验伦理学的最终目的是提高伦理学的语境敏感性。第二个问题是，经验伦理学是否本质上与元伦理学中的特定立场有关。我指出，在某些类型的元伦理理论中，我将其归类为广泛的情境主义理论，内在需要将规范伦理学与实证社会研究联系起来。但是上下文敏感性是一个可以从任何元伦理立场来瞄准的目标。
In medical ethics, business ethics, and some branches of political philosophy ( multi- culturalism, issues of just allocation, and equitable distribution) the literature increasingly combines insights from ethics and the social sciences. Some authors in medical ethics even speak of a new phase in the history of ethics, hailing " empirical ethics" as a logical next step in the development of practical ethics after the turn to " applied ethics." The name empirical ethics is ill- chosen because of its associations with " descriptive ethics." Unlike descriptive ethics, however, empirical ethics aims to be both descriptive and normative. The first question on which I focus is what kind of empirical research is used by empirical ethics and for which purposes. I argue that the ultimate aim of all empirical ethics is to improve the context-sensitivity of ethics. The second question is whether empirical ethics is essentially connected with specific positions in meta- ethics. I show that in some kinds of meta- ethical theories, which I categorize as broad contextualist theories, there is an intrinsic need for connecting normative ethics with empirical social research. But context- sensitivity is a goal that can be aimed for from any meta- ethical position.