Intraindividual variability across cognitive domains: Investigation of dispersion levels and performance profiles in older adults
Intraindividual variability across cognitive domains: Investigation of dispersion levels and performance profiles in older adults
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DOI：
10.1080/13803390802232659
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hunter, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilborn, Jennifer V.;Strauss, Esther;Hunter, Michael A.
越来越多的研究表明，个体的认知能力存在很大的差异。这种跨认知领域的人内差异被称为分散。本研究调查了304名年龄在64至92岁（M = 74.02）的非痴呆老年人的样本中，认知功能的定量（整体分散水平）和定性（分散模式）老化和分散之间的关系。在老年人（75-92岁）和那些被鉴定为经历了认知衰退的人中观察到更高水平的离散度，这表明离散度水平可以作为认知完整性的标志。定性，三个不同的分散配置文件被确定通过聚类方法，这些被发现与人口，健康和个人的性能特征，这表明分散模式可能是有意义的个体差异的指标。
A growing body of research suggests that substantial variability exists among cognitive abilities within individuals. This within-person variability across cognitive domains is termed dispersion. The present study investigated the relationship between aging and dispersion of cognitive functions both quantitatively (overall levels of dispersion) and qualitatively (patterns of dispersion) in a sample of 304 nondemented, older adults aged 64 to 92 years (M = 74.02). Quantitatively, higher levels of dispersion were observed in the old-old adults (aged 75-92 years) and those identified as having experienced cognitive decline, suggesting that dispersion level may serve as a marker of cognitive integrity. Qualitatively, three distinct dispersion profiles were identified through clustering methods, and these were found to be related to demographic, health, and performance characteristics of the individuals, suggesting that patterns of dispersion may be meaningful indicators of individual differences.