AquaCrop modeling to explore optimal irrigation of winter wheat for improving grain yield and water productivity
AquaCrop modeling to explore optimal irrigation of winter wheat for improving grain yield and water productivity
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AquaCrop 建模探索冬小麦的最佳灌溉，以提高粮食产量和水生产率
DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107580
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Huanjie Cai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chao Zhang;Ziang Xie;Qiaojuan Wang;Min Tang;Shaoyuan Feng;Huanjie Cai
在干旱和半干旱地区，灌溉对维持农业生产至关重要，缺水是导致作物产量低的主要制约因素。不合理的灌溉不会有效地提高作物产量，反而会造成水资源的浪费和水分生产率的下降。本研究的目的是研究冬小麦产量和水分生产率(WP)随灌水量、灌水时间和灌水频率的变化规律，并在60年(1961-2020年)的长期气象资料中探索提高冬小麦产量和水分生产率的最佳灌溉方式。水驱动模型AquaCrop模型被用来再现作物生长和产量对供水变化的响应，总共有625个灌水量和灌水时间的灌溉情景。结果表明，近60年来冬小麦的参考蒸散量(ET0)没有明显的季节变化。相反，冬小麦生长周期内的季节性降水呈现减少的趋势，潜在地增加了气象干旱的风险。尽管作物ET在过去60个季节一直稳定在370 mm左右，但随着积温的增加，粮食产量和WP稳步增加。在3个典型气象年中，灌溉条件下作物平均产量和蒸散量均显著高于旱作(旱作)。在丰水年、平水年和枯水年分别灌水90、120、150 mm，灌水次数分别为2次，可获得较高的产量和较高的WP、IWP。结果表明，丰水年、平水年和枯水年的最佳灌溉制度分别为越冬期第1次灌水90 mm，拔节期第2次灌水0 mm、30 mm、60 mm。研究结果表明，AquaCrop模型能较好地反映作物在水分亏缺条件下的生长和产量，为制定最优灌溉制度提供了技术手段。
Water shortage is the main constraint resulting in low crop yields in arid and semiarid areas, where irrigation is essential to sustain agricultural production. Unreasonable irrigation will not effectively improve crop yield but will cause a waste of water resources and a decrease in water productivity. The objectives of this study were intended to investigate the variability of yield and water productivity (WP) as a function of irrigation amount, time, and frequency and to explore optimal irrigation of winter wheat for improving grain yield and water productivity over a 60-year of long-term meteorological data (1961—2020). A water-driven model, AquaCrop model, was used to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in water supply, with a total of 625 irrigation scenarios of irrigation amount and time. The results showed that there has been no significant change in seasonal ET0(reference evapotranspiration) of winter wheat over the last 60 years. Instead, seasonal precipitation during the winter wheat growing cycle displayed a decreasing trend, potentially increasing the risk of meteorological drought. Despite the crop ET has remained stable at around 370 mm for the past 60 seasons, the grain yield and WP have steadily increased as the cumulative temperature increased. In all three typical meteorological years, crop average yield and ET were considerably improved under irrigation conditions compared with that in non-irrigated (rainfed). The total irrigation amounts of 90, 120, and 150 mm with two irrigation times in the wet, normal, and dry years, respectively, could achieve higher yields as well as the WP and IWP. Consequently, the optimal irrigation schedules in the wet, normal, and dry years were determined to be first irrigation in the wintering stage with 90 mm and second irrigation in the jointing stage with 0, 30, 60 mm, respectively. This work demonstrates that the AquaCrop model has a reliable accuracy for revealing crop growth and production under water deficit conditions and provides a technical means of application for formulating optimal irrigation schedules.
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