GROWTH AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN IN AN AFRICAN VILLAGE
GROWTH AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN IN AN AFRICAN VILLAGE
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.2.5268.1661
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发表时间：
1961-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
THOMSON, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MCGREGOR, IA;BILLEWICZ, WZ;THOMSON, AM
该通讯描述了冈比亚农村社区儿童的死亡率和增长率。这些观察是在 Keneba 村进行的，自 1949 年以来，冈比亚 MRC 实验室的工作人员一直在该村调查非洲人的健康状况。凯内巴是冈比亚保护国西江区的一个非洲定居点，是冈比亚河岸附近村庄的典型代表。大约 700 名曼丁卡人居住在用泥、草或 krint（当地的一种竹子）建造的房屋中，几乎完全靠农业维持生计。粮食作物——水稻、小米 (Pennisetumt sp.)、高粱、玉米和马唐 (Digitaria sp.)——以及唯一的经济作物——花生——在五月下旬至十月的潮湿月份中生长。男人通常种植旱地作物，耕种几乎完全被认为是女人的责任。饲养牛，即抗锥虫的 N'dama；在本来文讨论的整个期间，它们的总数刚刚超过 100 头。实际上它们从未被杀死作为食物，而且，尽管牛奶受到村民的欢迎，但产量很低，当小牛的需求得到满足后，可供人类消费的就所剩无几了。人们饲养山羊和绵羊，但它们对村庄的食物供应贡献甚微，只有在盛宴时才吃肉。河里的鱼很丰富，只要有鱼就很容易吃掉，但捕鱼被认为是一种低种姓职业，对食物供应的增加很少。大多数婴儿在出生后四到六个月内都是纯母乳喂养。最早的食品补充剂是帕斯，通常由大米制成，有时也由小米或高粱制成，并逐渐添加到这些鱼以及花生和绿叶的酱汁中。饮食中也会添加煮熟的米粒，通常是母亲在进餐时给婴儿喂少量自己的米粒。当母乳喂养最终停止时（通常是在 18 个月到 22 个月之间），幼儿将接受成人模式的混合饮食。 1950 年 4 月至 5 月进行的一项基线调查（McGregor 和 Smith，1952）表明，疟疾是多发性流行病，所有年龄段的粗寄生虫率为 54.7%10；约36%和33%的村民分别是班克罗夫蒂微丝蚴和持久按蚊的携带者； 2.5% 的人口患有锥虫病；钩虫和蛔虫感染大量存在。在这种多样化和严重寄生的背景下
This communication describes the mortality and growth rates of children in a rural Gambian community. The observations were made in the village of Keneba, where since 1949 the staff of the MRC Laboratories, Gambia, have investigated the health of Africans. Keneba is an African settlement in the West Kiang District of the Protectorate of the Gambia and is typical of the villages situated near the banks of the Gambia river. About 700 inhabitants-Mandinkas-live in dwellings made of mud, grass, or krint (a local bamboo), and maintain themselves almost entirely by agriculture. The food crops-rice, millet (Pennisetumt sp.), sorghum, maize, and findo (Digitaria sp.)-and the only cash crop-groundnuts-are grown throughout the wet months from late May to October. The men usually grow the dry-land crops, rie-cultivation being regarded almost exclusively as a responsibility of the women. Cattle, the trypanosome-resistant N'dama, are kept; throughout the period discussed in this communication they totalled just over 100. They are practically never killed for food, and, although milk is welcomed by the villagers, yields are low and little is left for human consumption when the requirements of calves have been satisfied. Goats and sheep are kept, but again these contribute little to the village foodsupplies, the flesh being eaten only during feasts. Fish is abundant in the river and is consumed readily when available, but fishing is regarded as a low-caste occupation and adds little to the food supply.Most infants are exclusively breast-fed forfour to six months after birth. The earliest food supplements are paps, usually made of rice but sometimes of millet or sorghum, and to these fish and sauces of groundnuts and green leaves are gradually added. Boiled rice grains are alsoadded to the diet, usually by the mother feeding the infant a very small quantity of her own portion during meals. When breast-feedingfinally stops, usually between the 18th and 22nd months, the toddler is receiving a mixed diet of the adult pattern. A baseline survey made in April-May, 1950 (McGregor and Smith, 1952), showed that malaria was h-yperendemic, the crude parasite rate for all ages being 54.7% 10; that approximately 36% and 33% of villagers were carriers of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Anopheles perstans respectively; that 2.5% of the population were suffering from trypanosomiasis; and that hookworm and ascaris infections abounded. Against this background of varied and heavy parasitiza-