COGNITIVE MAPS IN RATS AND MEN
COGNITIVE MAPS IN RATS AND MEN
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DOI：
10.1037/h0061626
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发表时间：
1948-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
TOLMAN, EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
TOLMAN, EC
潜在学习，替代试错，寻找刺激，假设，和空间定向专家。在老鼠的学习中，所有人都支持这样一个概念，即学习是对环境的试探性的、类似认知的地图的发展。这种认知地图理论与简单的刺激-反应理论形成对比，认知地图是窄的还是宽的，这取决于是否存在脑损伤，环境提示的阵列不足，原始训练路径上的过度重复，或者在原始学习过程中过度的动机或挫折。提出了有关人类社会行为的相关推论。
Latent learning, vicarious trial and error, searching for the stimulus, hypotheses, and spatial orientation expts. in rat learning, all support the conception that learning is the development of tentative, cognitive-like maps of the environment. This cognitive-map theory is contrasted with a simple stimulus-response theory, Cognitive maps are narrow or broad, depending on whether there is brain damage, an inadequate array of environmentally-presented cues, an over-dose of repetitions on the original trained-on path, or excessive motivation or frustration during the original learning. Relevant inferences concerning human social behavior are offered.