Special issue on ‘transdisciplinary approaches to digital manufacturing for industry 4.0’
Special issue on ‘transdisciplinary approaches to digital manufacturing for industry 4.0’
复制标题
关于“工业 4.0 数字化制造的跨学科方法”的特刊
DOI：
10.1080/0951192x.2020.1752071
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
J. Stjepandić
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Peruzzini;N. Wognum;C. Bil;J. Stjepandić
工业4.0（I4.0）的概念概述了智能工厂的愿景，其特征是所有生产部件和流程的完整网络化，包括通过网络物理系统进行实时控制，增加机器人的使用，智能和适应性强的生产系统，这将有助于通过资源效率提高生产力。生产与互动、工作与沟通的融合需要越来越多的跨学科能力来创建一个经济上成功且具有竞争力的智能工厂。这些能力包括，除其他外，潜水员的专业知识，灵活性和创造力，以迈向I4.0。I4.0不仅仅是关于机器，也是关于人的。物联网、数据和服务正在融合物理世界和数字世界。这就是人们现在移动和工作的地方。在这种新的工厂模式中，工人是这些知识的承载者和创新的驱动者。现代工厂不仅要特别关注敏捷流程和可持续性，还要关注社会和人文方面。它们应支持可持续发展、资源节约型生产系统、创新和成功的经济，以及积极的参与和协作进程。它们还应预测和平衡技术对人类和社会的影响。跨学科工程（TE）是一个新兴的领域，它通过超越技术学科来扩展和发展工程方法。TE是一个应用科学领域，结合了自然科学，应用科学，社会科学和人文科学，以实现对用户实施和体验工业产品，流程，系统和服务的背景的更高水平的理解和认识（Borsato等人。2016）。TE的研究还结合了社会科学方法，以获得有关用户和背景的必要知识。TE本质上旨在解决定义不明确的、与社会相关的问题（Wognum等人，2018）。许多研究者研究了跨学科的过程，并试图理解跨学科的本质。许多工程问题也可以被描述为定义不清和与社会相关。虽然跨学科工程不能广泛地在文献中找到，但跨学科的方法被认为与许多复杂的工程问题有关。最近发表了关于跨学科过程及其在工程领域相关性研究的文献综述（Wognum et al. 2019）。实现I4.0环境是一个复杂的问题。它的特点是需要创建智能工厂和智能产品等智能生产系统的垂直网络化，以及智能物流，生产和营销以及智能服务的网络化，具有强烈的需求导向，个性化和客户特定的生产运营。此外，还需要通过新一代全球价值创造网络实现强有力的横向一体化，包括业务伙伴和客户的一体化，以及跨国家和各大洲的新业务和合作模式。此外，I4.0的基础是通过先进技术实现加速，这些技术将改变制造业生产。更具体地说，孤立、优化的机器和/或单元将在网络中对齐，以实现完全集成、自动化和优化的生产流程，从而提高效率，改变供应商、生产商和客户之间以及人与机器之间的传统生产关系。在I4.0背景下设计制造系统的跨学科方法的实际目标与避免数据交换中的丢失和滥用有关（Engelmann等人，2018），并实现其潜在的好处。物联网和CPS涉及大量的数据和信息，但必须对其进行适当的管理，以改善人机交互并进行适当的监控（施密特，Bettinger和Rock 2018）。他们需要控制机器和界面的自适应行为（Beisheim，Kibliya和Rudolph 2018）。因此，采用跨学科的国际计算机集成杂志2020，第33卷，第4期，321-324 https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020.1752071
The concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) outlines the vision of a smart factory characterised by the complete networking of all production parts and processes, consisting of real-time control via cyber-physical systems, increased use of robots, intelligent and adaptable production systems, which should contribute to greater productivity through resource efficiency. The convergence of production and interaction, work and communication requires increasingly transdisciplinary competencies for creating a smart factory, which is economically successful and competitive. These competencies consist, among others, of divers expert knowledge, flexibility, and creativity for moving toward I4.0. I4.0 is not just aboutmachines, but also about people. The Internet of things, data and services aremerging the physical and digital world. This is where people now move and work. Workers inside this new factory model are the bearers of this knowledge and the drivers of innovation.Modern factories should not only pay special attention to agile processes and sustainability but also to social and human aspects. They should support sustainable development, resource-efficient production systems, innovation and a successful economy, and active participatory and collaborative processes. They should also anticipate and counterbalance the impact of technologies on human beings and societies. Transdisciplinary Engineering (TE) is an emerging field that extends and evolves engineering approaches by transcending the technical disciplines. TE is an applied science field combining natural sciences, applied sciences, social sciences and humanities to achieve a higher level of comprehension and awareness of the context in which industrial products, processes, systems, and services will be implemented and experienced by users (Borsato et al. 2016). Research in TE also incorporates social science methodologies to acquire the necessary knowledge about users and context. TE is inherently aimed at solving ill-defined, socially relevant problems (Wognum et al. 2018). Many researchers have studied transdisciplinary processes and have tried to understand the essentials of transdisciplinarity. Numerous engineering problems can be characterised as ill-defined and socially relevant, too. Although transdisciplinary engineering cannot widely be found in the literature yet, a transdisciplinary approach is deemed relevant for many complex engineering problems. An overview of the literature on research into transdisciplinary processes and their relevance in engineering domains has been recently published (Wognum et al. 2019). Achieving an I4.0 environment is a complex problem. It is characterized by the need to create a vertical networking of smart production systems, such as smart factories and smart products, and the networking of smart logistics, production and marketing and smart services, with a strong needs-oriented, individualised and customer-specific production operation. In addition, strong horizontal integration by means of a new generation of global valuecreation networks is needed, including integration of business partners and customers, and new business and cooperation models across countries and continents. Moreover, I4.0 is founded on acceleration through advanced technologies that will transform the manufacturing production. More specifically, isolated, optimised machines and/or cells will be aligned in a network to achieve a fully integrated, automated, and optimised production flow, leading to greater efficiencies and changing traditional production relationships between suppliers, producers, and customers, as well as between human and machine. The practical goals of a transdisciplinary approach to the design of manufacturing systems in an I4.0 context are related to avoiding loss andmisuse in data exchange (Engelmann et al. 2018) and to achieve its potential benefits. IoTs and CPSs involve a high amount of data and information, but they have to be properly managed to improve human-machine interaction and properly monitored (Schmitt, Bettinger, and Rock 2018). They need to control the adaptive behaviours of both machines and interfaces (Beisheim, Kiesel, and Rudolph 2018). As a consequence, adopting a transdisciplinary INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 2020, VOL. 33, NO. 4, 321–324 https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020.1752071