An ash cloud, airspace and environmental threat
An ash cloud, airspace and environmental threat
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火山灰云、空域和环境威胁
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00448.x
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Adey P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adey P
冰岛埃亚菲亚德拉火山的喷发将大量的泥土喷射成滚滚的云层，使物质运动起来。将大量的能量转化为8000万立方米的岩浆的位移，这些岩浆被提升到大约4英里的天空，科学家们计算了其相当大的碳足迹。其中一些物质在空气中找到了新的归宿，成为空中的火山灰;这就是由北风吹来的巨大尘埃云，形成了一个波动不定的障碍，阻碍了跨大西洋和欧洲空间的空中运输。在冰岛附近，其他物质落到地球上，定居在岛屿南部周围的社区，500人迅速撤离，农业用地被毁。对于一些评论家来说，这一事件讲述了全球化和地理关系的真相，得出的结论是“区域”是现代世界的一种幻觉“（Krauss 2010，np;沃尔什等人，2010）。这一事件也重新唤起了人们对更多物质和元素地理的关注（安德森和怀利，2009年），鉴于火山灰和尘埃在亲密和全球范围内改变流动性的力量，它在围绕“新的流动性”的文献中获得了特别的关注（Birtchnell和Buscher，2011年）。一旦火山灰云在欧洲上空找到了暂时的悬浮锡永，航空运输就无法占据与悬浮垫相同的空间（Adey 2010）。帕斯辛格喷气式飞机的半机械装配被阻塞了;它的发动机不能平稳地呼吸。超过95000个航班被取消，1000万名乘客在一周内滞留。对于在华盛顿举行的美国地理学家协会年会来说，火山爆发意味着中断，这是世界范围中断的一个缩影。然而，也许可以公平地说，对大多数人来说，这并不是真正的生死问题，不像许多其他成为灾难或灾难的事件。但火山灰云的破坏仍然是一个生命的问题，特别是如何在一个威胁停止，停止，暂停或以其他方式中断它所依赖的循环和中断的事件的世界中生活某种移动的生活。在这篇文章中，我们想研究该事件如何揭示了一个紧密耦合的，复杂的和相当脆弱的航空运输，物流链，保险产品和复杂的超国家组织的欧洲空间。国际关系、流动性和地质过程突然以类似于2004年南亚海啸（Greenhough et al. 2005）或2005年新奥尔良灾难性洪水的方式相互影响。当乌云飘过并越过领土边界时，它使我们能够反思对其他边界的侵犯。云的移动性开始瓦解国家的地缘政治界限及其对空域的管理，同时也带来了航空公司责任和保险类别、学科壁垒以及可能最重要的是，当代对移动生活的威胁的本质。
Shooting up vast tonnes of earth into a billow ing cloud, the eruption of Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull set matter in motion. Transforming massive amounts of energy into the displacement of 80 million cubic metres of magma that were lifted around 4 miles skywards, scientists calculated its considerable carbon footprint. Some of this material found a new home in the air as airborne tephra; this is what came to form the enormous dust cloud blown by a northerly wind to form a fluctuating and uncertain barrier to air-transport operations across transatlantic and European space. More locally to Iceland, other material fell to earth coming to settle on communities around the south of the island where 500 people were quickly evacuated and agri cultural land was ruined. For several commentators the event told truths about globalisation and geo graphic relationality, concluding that the'" regional" is an illusion in the modern world'(Krauss 2010, np; Walsh et al. 2010). The event also revived concerns for a more material and elemental geography (Anderson and Wylie 2009), and given the power of ash and dust to alter mobilities at both an intimate and global scale, it has garnered special attention in the literature surrounding the'new mobilities para digm'(Birtchnell and Buscher 2011). Once the ash cloud found its temporary suspen sion in the air over Europe, air transportation could not occupy the same space as the suspended mat ter (Adey 2010). The cyborg-assemblage of the pas senger jet plane was choked; its engines could not breathe smoothly. Over 95 000 flights were can celled and 10 million passengers stranded in the space of a week. For the Association of American Geographers Annual meeting in Washington DC, the eruption meant interruption, a small microcosm of the world-wide disruption. And yet, perhaps it is fair to say that for most this was not really a matter of life and death, unlike many other events that become catastrophes or disasters. But the event of the ash cloud disruption was still a matter for life, in particular how a certain kind of mobile life could be lived in a world of events that threaten to stop, halt, pause and otherwise interrupt the circu lations and interruptions it depends on. In this essay we want to examine how the event revealed the fragility of a tightly coupled, complex and quite fragile network of airline movements, logistics chains, insurance products and the com plex supra-national organisation of European air space. International relations, mobilities and geological processes were suddenly brought to bear on one another in a manner resembling disasters such as the South Asian Tsunami in 2004 (Greenhough et al. 2005) or the catastrophic flood ing of New Orleans in 2005. As the cloud drifted and crossed territorial boundaries, it permits us to reflect on the transgression of other borders. The cloud's mobility began to undo the geopolitical lines of the state and its management of airspace, while also bringing into question airline liabilities and insurance categories, the walls of academic disciplines and perhaps most importantly, the nat ure of contemporary threats to life on the move.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Anderson, Ben
通讯作者：
Anderson, Ben
预防、先发制人：可行未来的艺术和技术
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. de Goede;S. Randalls
通讯作者：
S. Randalls
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Anderson, Ben
通讯作者：
Anderson, Ben
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00175_1.x
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
The Geographical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Greenhough;T. Jazeel;D. Massey
通讯作者：
D. Massey
技术地缘政治和世界航线控制权的斗争，1910-1928
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
D. Butler
通讯作者：
D. Butler