A PERSPECTIVE ON THE EARLIEST COMMERCIAL PM METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE: CEMENTED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
A PERSPECTIVE ON THE EARLIEST COMMERCIAL PM METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITE: CEMENTED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
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对最早商业化粉末冶金金属陶瓷复合材料的展望：硬质合金
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Bose
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作者：
A. Bose
硬质合金是一种由硬质、耐火、陶瓷状碳化钨颗粒组成的复合材料，这些颗粒通过金属粘结相粘结在一起。烧结碳化钨通常被称为烧结碳化钨或简称为硬质合金。通常，主要的陶瓷状硬质相主要由碳化钨和少量的其他过渡金属碳化物组成。在极少数情况下，少量添加其他硬质相，如氧化物、硼化物或氮化物。烧结碳化钨是最早成功商业化的金属陶瓷基粉末冶金（PM）产品，至今仍在广泛使用。硬质合金的各种应用源于这类材料可以实现的广泛性能（硬、脆、耐磨到相对柔软和坚韧），主要通过复合材料的成分和粒度的变化。这类材料的应用目前是广泛的，并且覆盖许多工业部门，包括但不限于汽车、航空航天、石油和天然气、炼钢、采矿、消费品和医疗产品。本文将简要介绍这类复合材料的历史概况，并探讨该行业中发生的一些关键技术发展。虽然在本综述的范围（和篇幅）内，不可能对近世纪以来发生的所有关键发展进行详细讨论，但它提供了对该行业一些主要趋势及其主要应用的看法。
Cemented tungsten carbide is a composite that consists of hard, refractory, ceramic-like tungsten carbide particles that are cemented together by a metallic binder phase. Cemented tungsten carbides are often referred to as sintered tungsten carbide or simply as hardmetals. Often, the major ceramic-like hard phase consists of primarily tungsten carbide with small amounts of other transitional metal carbides. On rare occasions small additions of other hard phases such as oxides, borides, or nitrides have been used. Sintered tungsten carbide is the earliest successful commercial metal-ceramic-based powder metallurgy (PM) product that is still widely in use. The varied applications of cemented tungsten carbides stem from the wide range of properties (hard, brittle, and wear resistant to relatively soft and tough) that can be achieved in this class of materials, primarily through changes in composition and the grain size of the composite material. Application of this class of materials is currently widespread and covers numerous industrial sectors including, but not limited to, automotive, aerospace, oil and gas, steelmaking, mining, consumer, and medical products. This review will provide a brief historical overview of this class of composites and explore some of the key technical developments that have taken place in this industry. Though within the scope (and space) of this review it is not possible to provide a detailed discussion of all the key developments that have taken place over almost a century, it provides a perspective on some of the major trends in this industry, as well as some of their primary applications.