Fluvial evolution of the Rhine during the last interglacial-glacial cycle in the southern North Sea basin : A review and look forward
Fluvial evolution of the Rhine during the last interglacial-glacial cycle in the southern North Sea basin : A review and look forward
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北海盆地南部末次间冰期-冰期旋回期间莱茵河河流演化:回顾与展望
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2014.03.024
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
E. Stouthamer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Peeters;F. Busschers;E. Stouthamer
本文介绍了北海盆地南部中上更新世和晚更新世莱茵河的演化、沉积史及其对气候变化、海平面振荡和冰川均衡的响应。该研究的重点是荷兰中部Eemian间冰期下三角洲的发展及其与气候和海平面上升记录的关系，并使用Saalian和Weichselian前后年代来将其发展置于背景中。莱茵河系统填满了逐渐下沉的北海盆地，但其发展受到萨利安冰川及其残余地形的强烈影响。源自最大冰期极限的冰推脊基本上将荷兰中部划分为两个沉积沉积中心：一个位于前冰界限内的中央沉积中心，以及一个位于其以南的南部沉积中心。中心沉积记录显示为20 ~ 40 m厚的3个单元叠合层序，包括一个切谷充填体。切谷充填体由撒勒世晚期至早埃米世的下河流单元和魏奇塞利世的上河流单元组成，均为粗粒度河道沉积。夹在中间的是5-15米厚的记录，由细粒度的河流和河口（潮汐）洪盆和浅海沉积物组成。它属于间冰期Eemian和早期Weichselian，由海侵和高地沉积物组成，显示了河流体系的淹没。内陆部分由河流环境转变为三角洲和河口环境，最下游部分转变为浅海港湾环境。尽管在末次冰期发生了相当大的海平面下降和气候控制下的侵蚀，这些单元还是得以保存下来。由于莱茵河系统崩解到南部沉积中心，也就是魏希塞利冰期的一半，因此保存的可能性增加了。因此，南部沉积中心的填充物具有完全不同的性质，末间冰期海侵或高地单元几乎没有保存下来。由于冰川作用和由此产生的沉积中心结构，欧洲西北部的荷兰因此提供了一个非常好的机会来研究海侵间冰期下三角洲记录及其下降阶段的保存——这两个因素都是理解100天的冰期-间冰期气候旋回和基准面变化的沉积发展的关键因素。
This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the evolution and depositional history of the River Rhine in the southern part of the North Sea basin during the upper Middle and Late Pleistocene, and its response to climate change, sea-level oscillation and glacio-isostasy. The study focuses on the development of the Eemian interglacial lower-delta in the central Netherlands and its relation to records of climate and sea-level rise, and uses the Saalian and Weichselian pre- and postdating periods to place its development in context.The Rhine fluvial system fills the gradually subsiding North Sea basin, but its development has strongly been affected by the Saalian glaciation and its remaining topography. Ice-pushed ridges originating off the limit of maximum glaciation basically divided the central Netherlands into two sedimentary depocentres: a central depocentre within the former ice-limit, and a southern depocentre south of it.The sedimentary record of the central depocentre, including an incised-valley fill, shows a 20–40 m thick stacked sequence consisting of three units. The incised-valley fill consists of a Late Saalian to early Eemian age lower fluvial unit and a Weichselian age upper fluvial unit, both composed of coarse-grained channel deposits. Sandwiched in-between is a 5–15 m thick record composed of fine-grained fluvial and estuarine (tidal) floodbasin and shallow-marine deposits. It is of Eemian interglacial and Early Weichselian age, and comprises transgressive and highstand deposits that show the drowning of a fluvial system. Inland parts transformed from fluvial to deltaic and estuarine environments, and the most downstream parts transformed to a shallow-marine embayment. Preservation of these units occurred, despite considerable sea-level fall and climate-controlled erosion taking place in the last-glacial. Preservation potential was increased by the fact that the Rhine system avulsed away to the southern depocentre, halfway the Weichselian Pleniglacial. Consequently, the infill of the southern depocentre is of an entire different nature, and last-interglacial transgressive or highstand units are hardly preserved.Because of glaciation and resulting depocentre configuration, the Netherlands in NW Europe thus offers a very good opportunity to study the transgressive interglacial lower-deltaic records and falling-stage preservation thereof – both key elements for understanding sedimentary development over full 100-ky glacial-interglacial cycles of climate and base-level change.