Depressive Symptoms in Relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, Discrimination, Hope, and Social Support in a Diverse Sample of College Students.
Depressive Symptoms in Relation to Adverse Childhood Experiences, Discrimination, Hope, and Social Support in a Diverse Sample of College Students.
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不同大学生样本中与不良童年经历、歧视、希望和社会支持相关的抑郁症状。
DOI：
10.1007/s40615-021-01038-z
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Berg,CarlaJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lemon,EmilyD;Vu,Milkie;Roche,KathleenM;Hall,KelliStidham;Berg,CarlaJ
背景青壮年是一个关键的过渡期，各种因素影响着心理健康和长期的健康结果，特别是在种族/少数民族中。本研究从少数族裔应激理论出发，对乔治亚州7所高校的666名少数族裔大学生(黑人占57%，拉丁裔占22%，亚裔占21%)的抑郁症状，特别是不良童年经历(ACE)、种族/民族歧视、希望、社会支持及其交互作用的相关性进行了研究。采用《患者健康问卷-9》(PHQ-9)评定抑郁症状。多变量线性回归包括ACES、种族/民族歧视、希望和社会支持，并根据性别、种族/民族、父母教育、出生和年龄进行调整。我们在四个不同的模型中测试了双向交互作用项，以检验社会支持和希望对ACE和歧视之间的潜在缓冲作用。结果参与者的平均年龄为20.56岁(SD=1.93)，其中30%是男性。PHQ-9平均得分为3.89(SD=4.91)；56%的人报告至少有一次ACE；70%的人经历过种族/民族歧视。ACEs和种族/民族歧视与较高水平的抑郁症状相关；较高的社会支持和希望与较低的抑郁症状相关。虽然在整个样本中，希望和社会支持并没有缓和ACEs或歧视与抑郁症状之间的关系，但种族/民族亚组分析表明，在亚洲学生中，歧视与抑郁症状之间的正相关性对于那些感觉到更大希望的人来说明显较弱。结论消除种族/民族心理健康方面的差异需要共同努力来预防和/或减少ACEs和歧视，并找出可以缓解它们与抑郁症状关系的保护性因素。
BackgroundYoung adulthood is a critical transitory period, with various factors impacting mental health and longer-term health outcomes, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities. Drawing from minority stress theory, this study examined correlates of depressive symptoms, specifically adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), racial/ethnic discrimination, hope, social support, and their interactive effects, among a diverse sample of college students.MethodsWe analyzed data from 666 racial/ethnic minority college students (57% Black, 22% Latinx, 21% Asian) attending seven colleges and universities in the state of Georgia. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9). Multivariable linear regressions included ACEs, racial/ethnic discrimination, hope, and social support, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, parent education, nativity, and age. We tested two-way interaction terms in four separate models to examine the potential buffering effect of social support and hope on the association between ACEs and discrimination.ResultsParticipants were on average 20.56 years old (SD = 1.93) and 30% were male. The mean PHQ-9 score was 3.89 (SD = 4.91); 56% reported at least one ACE; 70% experienced racial/ethnic discrimination. ACEs and racial/ethnic discrimination correlated with higher levels of depressive symptoms; higher social support and hope correlated with decreased depressive symptoms. While hope and social support did not moderate the relationships between ACEs or discrimination and depressive symptoms among the full sample, racial/ethnic subgroup analyses indicated that, among Asian students, the positive association between discrimination and depressive symptoms was significantly weaker for those perceiving greater hope.ConclusionsEliminating racial/ethnic disparities in mental health requires concerted efforts to prevent and/or reduce ACEs and discrimination and identifying protective factors that can mitigate their relationship to depressive symptoms.