A ction and Enlightenment Functions of Research
A ction and Enlightenment Functions of Research
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研究的作用与启示功能
DOI：
10.1177/107554708100200302
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Rohit Deshpandé
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rohit Deshpandé
研究在政策制定中使用研究的科学家们花了大量时间来确定研究的目的。最初的假设是，所有的研究都是为了提供结论，以做出具体的决策选择（Orlans，1973; Horowitz，1971; Deitchman，1976）。这种研究利用的概念考虑了信息需求的简单满足过程：为了做出决策或制定政策，需要某些信息;收集，分析这些信息，并提出一系列建议。这些建议的主体构成了决策政策的基础。这在图1中示意性地示出。卡罗尔韦斯（1977 a）将这一过程称为决策驱动的研究使用模型。该模型已成为公共政策领域研究利用的四项主要研究的隐含基础（Caplan等人，1975; Knorr，1977; Rich，1975;韦斯和Bucuvalas，1977）。然而，这些研究中的每一项都发现了研究的另一个目的或功能的证据，这些目的或功能比上述决策驱动功能更重要，或者完全排除了这些功能。
Scientists examining the uses of research in policy settings have devoted considerable time to defining what purpose the research serves. Initially the assumption had been made that all research was designed to provide conclusions to make specific decision choices (Orlans, 1973; Horowitz, 1971; Deitchman, 1976). This conception of research utilization considered the process in terms of the simple satisfaction of an information need: In order to make a decision or develop policy, certain information was desired; this information was collected, analyzed, and a set of recommendations proposed. The corpus of these recommendations then formed the basis for the decision policy. This is shown schematically in Figure 1. Carol Weiss (1977a) refers to this process as a decision-driven model of research use. The model has served as the implicit basis for four major studies of research utilization in the public policy area (Caplan et al., 1975; Knorr, 1977; Rich, 1975; Weiss and Bucuvalas, 1977). Yet, each of these studies found evidence for another purpose or function of research that was more important than, or which entirely obviated, the decisiondriven function described above.