DIETARY SOURCE FOR SKIN ALKALOIDS OF POISON FROGS (DENDROBATIDAE)
DIETARY SOURCE FOR SKIN ALKALOIDS OF POISON FROGS (DENDROBATIDAE)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02059589
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发表时间：
1994-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
RAND, AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DALY, JW;GARRAFFO, HM;RAND, AS
青蛙皮肤中含有大量的生物碱，其中许多在自然界其他地方是未知的。树蛙中的主要生物碱有蟾毒毒素（batrachotoxins）、短小毒素（pumiliotoxins）、组蛋白毒素（histrionicotoxins）、gephyrotoxins和十氢喹啉。这种生物碱是不存在于皮肤的青蛙（Dendrobates auratus）提出了在巴拿马的无翅果蝇在室内terraria。在大陆站点收集的叶凋落物节肢动物上饲养，这种陆地饲养的青蛙含有三环生物碱，包括甲虫生物碱precoccinelline，1，4-二取代喹嗪啶，pyrrolizidine肟，千足虫生物碱nitropolyzonamine，十氢喹啉，gephyrotoxin和histrionicotoxins。这些生物碱的配置文件中的人工饲养的青蛙更接近大陆人口的Dendrobates auratus在叶凋落物网站比父母人口的Dendrobates auratus从附近的岛屿网站。叶凋落物昆虫的七个月的采样提取物含有precoccinelline，吡咯里西啶肟236（主要），和nitropolyzonamine（238）。结果表明，至少有一些“石斛生物碱”，特别是吡咯里西啶肟，三环coccinellines，也许histrionicotoxins和gephyrotoxins的饮食来源。
A wide range of alkaloids, many of which are unknown elsewhere in nature, occur in skin of frogs. Major classes of such alkaloids in dendrobatid frogs are the batrachotoxins, pumiliotoxins, histrionicotoxins, gephyrotoxins, and decahydroquinolines. Such alkaloids are absent in skin of frogs (Dendrobates auratus) raised in Panama on wingless fruit flies in indoor terraria. Raised on leaf-litter arthropods that were collected in a mainland site, such terraria-raised frogs contain tricyclic alkaloids including the beetle alkaloid precoccinelline, 1,4-disubstituted quinolizidines, pyrrolizidine oximes, the millipede alkaloid nitropolyzonamine, a decahydroquinoline, a gephyrotoxin, and histrionicotoxins. The profiles of these alkaloids in the captive-raised frogs are closer to the mainland population of Dendrobates auratus at the leaf-litter site than to the parent population of Dendrobates auratus from a nearby island site. Extracts of a seven-month sampling of leaf-litter insects contained precoccinelline, pyrrolizidine oxime 236 (major), and nitropolyzonamine (238). The results indicate a dietary origin for at least some ''dendrobatid alkaloids,'' in particular the pyrrolizidine oximes, the tricyclic coccinellines, and perhaps the histrionicotoxins and gephyrotoxins.