Traffic Impacts of Removing Lanes on One-Way Grid Networks
Traffic Impacts of Removing Lanes on One-Way Grid Networks
复制标题
拆除单向网格网络车道对交通的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Menéndez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ortigosa;M. Menéndez
城市规划和设计需要对基础设施的使用如何影响城市的流动性进行更详细的分析。城市地区正在将以前专门用于汽车的道路空间重新开放给公众使用。在这种背景下，城市需要重新考虑“更精简”场景中的交通行为，即专用于汽车的道路空间更少。我们的论文研究了拆除车道对城市环境中交通的影响。特别是，我们处理单向网格抽象网络，因为它们允许单通道结构而不丢失连接性。我们分析当某些街道的通行能力减少时，交通如何扩散和适应。车道移除是从中心到周边实施的，反之亦然。我们使用网络退出函数（相当于宏观基本图）来模拟流量并从宏观上研究网络的行为，并使用其他指标来描述网络何时变得堵塞或流量分布的均匀程度。在具有统一需求的同质城市网格网络中，流量分布不均匀。那么，街道通行能力的变化是否有助于改善或恶化这种情况呢？正如我们在论文中看到的，当车道被拆除时，交通状况总是会恶化。然而，与从中心移除车道相比，从周边移除车道可以显着减少对交通的影响。在本文中，我们描述了其原因。最后，除了流量分析之外，我们还研究了空间增益和网络能够服务的流量需求减少之间的权衡。
Urban planning and design require a more detailed analysis on how infrastructure usage affects mobility in cities. Urban areas are reclaiming road space, before devoted exclusively to cars, to the public use. In this context, cities need to rethink traffic behavior in ‘slimmer’ scenarios where less road space is devoted to cars. Our paper studies the effects that removing lanes has on traffic in an urban environment. Particularly, we deal with one-way grid abstract networks as they allow one-lane structures without the loss of connectivity. We analyze how traffic spreads and adapts when capacity in certain streets is reduced. The lane removal is implemented from the center to the perimeter and vice-versa. We emulate traffic and study the networks’ behavior macroscopically, using the Network Exit Function (equivalent to the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram), and employing also other indicators that describe when a network becomes gridlocked or how homogeneous the traffic is distributed. In homogeneous urban grid networks with uniform demand, traffic is not homogeneously distributed. Could, then, changes in street capacity help improve or worsen that situation? As we see in the paper, traffic always worsens when lanes are removed. However, removing lanes from the perimeter reduces significantly the impact on traffic in comparison to removing lanes from the center. In this paper we describe the causes for that. Finally, in addition to the traffic analysis, we examine the trade-off between space gain and the reduction of traffic demand that networks are able to serve.