Will Lynx Lose Their Edge? Canada Lynx Occupancy in Washington
Will Lynx Lose Their Edge? Canada Lynx Occupancy in Washington
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DOI：
10.1002/jwmg.21846
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发表时间：
2020-03-03
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Thornton, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
King, Travis W.;Vynne, Carly;Thornton, Daniel
位于山脉南部边缘的物种种群可能特别容易受到气候变化的影响，因为气温变暖和随之而来的生态系统变化超过了物种的耐受力。其中一个物种是加拿大猞猁（Lynx canadensis），这是一种适应寒冷的中肉食动物，在美国阿拉斯加和加拿大拥有大量的核心种群，但在美国附近的几个外围种群中存在。温度升高，积雪减少，以及受气候影响的火灾频率和强度增加，可能会对猞猁种群产生负面影响，威胁到它们在美国大陆的长期生存。尽管有这些威胁，我们的理解广泛的影响猞猁占用和目前猞猁分布在许多这些周边人口的程度是最小的。我们在美国华盛顿进行了一项猞猁居住率调查，使用了一个覆盖7,000 km（2）潜在猞猁栖息地的空间广泛的相机捕获阵列。我们使用由此产生的数据库的检测数据开发单季占用模型，以检查非生物和生物对当前猞猁占用的影响，并根据气候变化预测预测未来的猞猁分布。我们的研究结果表明，在整个华盛顿景观的猞猁占用的限制，并在很大程度上取决于非生物因素，干扰制度，并在加拿大的源种群的距离。对未来分布的预测表明，猞猁将越来越多地受到气候变化的挑战，特别是在华盛顿的南部和低海拔地区。我们的研究结果为华盛顿的猞猁持久性描绘了一幅令人震惊的画面，这与目前关于猞猁从《濒危物种法》中除名的审议有关。我们简单的相机设计是一种非常有效的方法，可以在广泛的空间尺度上测量猞猁，并且可以成为研究人员和政府机构易于实施的猞猁的关键监测工具。(c)2020野生动物协会
Populations of species located at southern range edges may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change as warming temperatures and subsequent changes to ecosystems exceed species-specific tolerances. One such species is Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), a cold-adapted mesocarnivore that maintains a large core population in Alaska, USA, and Canada but exists within several peripheral populations in the contiguous United States. Increases in temperature, declines in snow pack, and climate-influenced increases in fire frequency and intensity, could negatively affect lynx populations, threatening their long-term persistence in the continental United States. Despite these threats, our understanding of broad-scale effects on lynx occupancy and the extent of current lynx distribution in many of these peripheral populations is minimal. We conducted an occupancy survey of lynx in Washington, USA, using a spatially extensive camera-trapping array covering 7,000 km(2) of potential lynx habitat. We used the resulting database of detection data to develop single-season occupancy models to examine the abiotic and biotic effects on current lynx occupancy and predict future lynx distribution based on climate change forecasts. Our results show lynx occupancy across the Washington landscape is restricted and dictated largely by abiotic factors, disturbance regimes, and distance from source populations in Canada. Predictions of future distribution suggest lynx will be increasingly challenged by climatic changes, particularly at the southern and lower elevation portions of their range in Washington. Our results paint an alarming picture for lynx persistence in Washington that is relevant to current deliberations regarding lynx delisting from the Endangered Species Act. Our simple camera design was a highly effective method for surveying lynx across broad spatial scales, and could be a key monitoring tool for lynx that is easy to implement by researchers and government agencies. (c) 2020 The Wildlife Society.