Macroevolutionary shifts of WntA function potentiate butterfly wing-pattern diversity
Macroevolutionary shifts of WntA function potentiate butterfly wing-pattern diversity
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1708149114
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发表时间：
2017-10-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Martin, Arnaud
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mazo-Vargas, Anyi;Concha, Carolina;Martin, Arnaud
蝴蝶翅膀图案提供了一个丰富的比较框架，研究形态复杂性如何发展和演变。在这里，我们使用CRISPR/Cas9体细胞突变来测试WntA的模式化作用，WntA是一种信号配体基因，此前被确定为参与翅膀模仿的形状调整等位基因的热点。我们发现，WntA的功能丧失导致多种修改的模式元素在七个nymphalid蝴蝶物种。在三种蝴蝶与保守的翅膀图案的安排，WntA是必要的诱导条纹状图案称为对称系统，并获得了一个新的眼点激活剂的作用，具体到凡妮莎前翅。在两个Heliconius物种中，WntA指定了黑素场和它们轮廓的浅色图案之间的边界。在西番莲蝴蝶Agraulis，WntA去除相邻的图案元素显示出相反的效果，揭示了在整个翅膀领域的双重作用。最后，WntA收购了一个分歧的作用，在脉间图案的模式，在君主，一个基础若虫蝴蝶，缺乏条纹状对称系统。这些结果确定WntA的丰富多样性的生物系统的prepatterning的一个有益的信号，并说明如何在部署和影响的一个单一的发育基因的基础形态变化的转变。
Butterfly wing patterns provide a rich comparative framework to study how morphological complexity develops and evolves. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis to test a patterning role for WntA, a signaling ligand gene previously identified as a hotspot of shape-tuning alleles involved in wing mimicry. We show that WntA loss-of-function causes multiple modifications of pattern elements in seven nymphalid butterfly species. In three butterflies with a conserved wing-pattern arrangement, WntA is necessary for the induction of stripe-like patterns known as symmetry systems and acquired a novel eyespot activator role specific to Vanessa forewings. In two Heliconius species, WntA specifies the boundaries between melanic fields and the light-color patterns that they contour. In the passionvine butterfly Agraulis, WntA removal shows opposite effects on adjacent pattern elements, revealing a dual role across the wing field. Finally, WntA acquired a divergent role in the patterning of interveinous patterns in the monarch, a basal nymphalid butterfly that lacks stripe-like symmetry systems. These results identify WntA as an instructive signal for the prepatterning of a biological system of exuberant diversity and illustrate how shifts in the deployment and effects of a single developmental gene underlie morphological change.