Statistical implications of using moving violations to determine crash responsibility in young driver crashes
Statistical implications of using moving violations to determine crash responsibility in young driver crashes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2013.12.006
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Elliott, Michael R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Curry, Allison E.;Pfeiffer, Melissa R.;Elliott, Michael R.
确定碰撞责任的传统方法（最常见的移动违规传票）可能无法准确描述涉及碰撞的驾驶员的过错状态，因为：（1）发布可能会因与过错无关的因素（例如驾驶员年龄、性别）而有所不同，并且（2）这些方法无法捕获不违法但仍表明过错的驾驶员行为。我们通过将其与基于导致碰撞的驾驶员行为的方法进行比较，研究了使用移动违规来确定年轻驾驶员碰撞事故中碰撞责任的统计意义。我们选择了警方报告的客车事故（2010-2011 年）中的所有司机，其中涉及一名 21 岁的新泽西州司机。对于每位驾驶员，使用两种替代方法根据碰撞报告确定碰撞责任：（1）发出移动违规传票； (2) 驾驶员行为的存在（例如，未能让行、注意力不集中）。总体而言，18% 的撞车司机被处以移动违规处罚，而 50% 的司机则采取了行动。只有 32.2% 的驾驶员因行驶违规而被传唤。此外，考虑到驾驶员行为的存在，某些驾驶员亚组（年轻驾驶员、男性驾驶员以及单车事故和更严重碰撞事故的驾驶员）被传唤的可能性更高。特别是在年轻司机中，那些夜间开车、载着同行乘客、驾照被吊销或无驾照的人更常被提及。相反，致命伤的司机几乎从未被提及。我们还证明，使用引文数据可能会导致过失司机和准诱发暴露措施的特征描述中出现统计偏差。寻求准确确定事故责任的研究应仔细考虑使用法律过失方法可能导致的潜在偏见来源。对于许多研究来说，通过识别驾驶员行为来确定驾驶员责任可能会更准确地描述有过错的驾驶员。 (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Traditional methods for determining crash responsibility - most commonly moving violation citations may not accurately characterize at-fault status among crash-involved drivers given that: (1) issuance may vary by factors that are independent of fault (e.g., driver age, gender), and (2) these methods do not capture driver behaviors that are not illegal but still indicative of fault. We examined the statistical implications of using moving violations to determine crash responsibility in young driver crashes by comparing it with a method based on crash-contributing driver actions. We selected all drivers in police-reported passenger-vehicle crashes (2010-2011) that involved a New jersey driver age 21). For each driver, crash responsibility was determined from the crash report using two alternative methods: (1) issuance of a moving violation citation; and (2) presence of a driver action (e.g., failure to yield, inattention). Overall, 18% of crash-involved drivers were issued a moving violation while 50% had a driver action. Only 32.2% of drivers with a driver action were cited for a moving violation. Further, the likelihood of being cited given the presence of a driver action was higher among certain driver subgroups younger drivers, male drivers, and drivers in single-vehicle and more severe crashes. Specifically among young drivers, those driving at night, carrying peer passengers, and having a suspended or no license were more often cited. Conversely, fatally-injured drivers were almost never cited. We also demonstrated that using citation data may lead to statistical bias in the characterization of at-fault drivers and of quasi-induced exposure measures. Studies seeking to accurately determine crash responsibility should thoughtfully consider the potential sources of bias that may result from using legal culpability methods. For many studies, determining driver responsibility via the identification of driver actions may yield more accurate characterizations of at-fault drivers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.