UK macroalgae aquaculture: What are the key environmental and licensing considerations?
UK macroalgae aquaculture: What are the key environmental and licensing considerations?
复制标题
英国大型藻类水产养殖：关键的环境和许可考虑因素是什么？
DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.021
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Wood D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wood D
大型藻类有许多商业用途，并有可能创造巨大的碳汇。这项研究审查了在英国建立海藻养殖场的法律背景，包括环境和社会方面。使用海床需要租约，需要从国家监管机构获得海洋许可证。没有必要制定新的立法，但应更新现有的指导方针。作为海洋许可程序的一部分，主要需要澄清需要进行何种程度的评估。对许可的环境和社会考虑也进行了审查。预计养殖场内和周围的水动力和泥沙输送将发生变化。这可能会导致海底淤积和光照水平的变化。增加坚硬的底物(从锚)和一个大型藻类树冠导致吸引底栖动物，鱼类，海洋哺乳动物和鸟类。这些，加上渗出物和碎屑到达海床的有机物和营养物质的潜在变化，可能会对海底现有的海底群落造成变化。看不到有重大人口层面影响的理由。然而，发现了许多知识差距。规模似乎是一个重要的考虑因素。一个小农场本身不太可能对海洋环境产生重大影响。然而，一个非常大的农场，或者彼此相邻的多个小农场可能会产生更显著的影响。确定了知识差距，并提出了有助于英国大型藻类养殖业发展的建议。
Macroalgae has numerous commercial uses and the potential to create large carbon sinks. The study reviewed the legal context, including environmental and social aspects, for the setting up of a seaweed farm in the UK. A lease is required to use the seabed and a Marine Licence is required from the national regulator. There is no need for new legislation, however, the existing guidance should be updated. There is a major need to clarify what level of assessment is required as part of the marine licensing process. The environmental and social considerations to licensing were also reviewed. Changes to the hydrodynamics and sediment transport are expected in and around the farm. These may lead to changes in seabed siltation and light levels. The addition of hard substrate (from the anchors) and a macroalgae canopy lead to attraction of benthic animals, fish, marine mammals and birds. These, in addition to potential changes in organic matter and nutrients reaching the seabed from exudate and detritus, could create changes in existing benthic communities on the seafloor. No reason for major population-level impacts were seen. However, numerous knowledge gaps where identified. Scale appears to be an important consideration. A small farm on its own is unlikely to have a large effect on the marine environment. However, a very large farm, or multiple small farms next to each other could have a more notable effect. Knowledge gaps were identified and recommendations were provided that can assist the development of the UK macroalgae farming industry.
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