Urban agriculture ? A necessary pathway towards urban resilience and global sustainability?
Urban agriculture ? A necessary pathway towards urban resilience and global sustainability?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104055
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Mendez, Gara Villalba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Langemeyer, Johannes;Madrid-Lopez, Cristina;Mendez, Gara Villalba
新冠肺炎大流行再次引起了我们对城市食品韧性的关注，人们有必要质疑通过城市农业实现粮食自给自足的理想程度。虽然这些问题绝不是新问题，并在危机期间定期进入全球研究重点和政策讨论？上一次是在2008年全球金融危机和随之而来的食品价格上涨期间？城市和城市周边的农业继续被具有更高市场价值的土地使用所取代(例如住房、交通、休闲)。在城市土地利用规划中失去城市农业的优先地位是一种全球趋势，只有少数例外。我们在本文中认为，这种发展是由于城市规划中的三个盲点造成的。首先，对社会和生态脆弱性以及城市居民与风险相关的不平等现象的考虑有限，特别是在面对气候变化或新冠肺炎等大流行病等全球变化的不同情景时，其中包括粮食短缺。第二，忽视远距离农业生产造成的环境(和相关社会)负面外部性加剧，以及缺乏考虑城市的养分循环潜力(例如废水)，以取代排放密集型矿物肥的使用。第三，缺乏对都市农业的多功能性及其提供的除提供粮食以外的多种益处的解释，包括社会效益和保险价值，例如维护文化遗产和农业生物多样性。沿着这些思路，我们认为，关于城市风险和脆弱性、空间上明确的城市新陈代谢(例如，能量、水、营养物质)以及生态系统服务的现有知识和新知识需要在土地利用决策中得到加强和共同考虑。
The Covid-19 pandemic newly brings food resilience in cities to our attention and the need to question the desired degree of food self-sufficiency through urban agriculture. While these questions are by no means new and periodically entering the global research focus and policy discussions during periods of crises ? the last time during the global financial crisis and resulting food price increases in 2008 ? urban and peri-urban agriculture continue to be replaced by land-uses rendering higher market values (e.g. housing, transport, leisure). The loss of priority for urban agriculture in urban land-use planning is a global trend with only a few exceptions. We argue in this essay that this development has widely taken place due to three blind spots in urban planning. First, the limited consideration of social and ecological vulnerabilities and risk-related inequalities of urban inhabitants, food shortage among them, in the face of different scenarios of global change, including climate change or pandemic events such as Covid-19. Second, the disregard of the intensified negative environmental (and related social) externalities caused by distant agricultural production, as well as lacking consideration of nutrient recycling potentials in cities (e.g. from wastewater) to replace emission intensive mineral fertilizer use. Third, the lack of accounting for the multifunctionality of urban agriculture and the multiple benefits it provides beyond the provision of food, including social benefits and insurance values, for instance the maintenance of cultural heritage and agro-biodiversity. Along these lines, we argue that existing and new knowledge about urban risks and vulnerabilities, the spatially explicit urban metabolism (e.g. energy, water, nutrients), as well as ecosystem services need to be stronger and jointly considered in land-use decision-making.