Spontaneous Sensorimotor Coupling With Multipart Music
Spontaneous Sensorimotor Coupling With Multipart Music
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037154
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Janata, Petr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hurley, Brian K.;Martens, Peter A.;Janata, Petr
音乐常常会引起听众与音乐同步的自发动作，这种现象被称为“最佳状态”。然而，导致听众发起刺激耦合行动的音乐因素仍不清楚。有证据表明，听觉场景中新出现的物体可以吸引听众的注意力，而在多声部音乐中，新出现的乐器或声部可以吸引听众的注意力并引起兴奋。我们认为，对音乐的注意力投入可以影响听众自发的刺激耦合运动。在这里，两项实验——涉及接受过音乐训练和没有接受过音乐训练的参与者——测试了不同时间上交错的乐器进入以及改变新颖的多声部音乐中同时发生的乐器声部的数量对听众与音乐的参与度的影响，并通过自发的感觉运动行为和自我报告进行评估。实验 1 评估了听众对感知节奏的即时评分，实验 2 检查了他们的自发敲击和头部运动。我们发现，对于受过音乐训练和未受过音乐训练的参与者来说，使用更多乐器的音乐会导致感知律动的评分更高，而乐器入口交错的音乐会引起感觉运动耦合的增加和感知律动的报告的增加。尽管未经训练的参与者更有可能将音乐评为节奏感较高的音乐，但经过训练的参与者表现出更大的跟随节奏的倾向，而且他们做得更准确。然而，头部运动与音乐的同步质量并没有随着训练的变化而变化。我们的研究结果为复杂的音乐场景、注意力和自发感觉运动行为之间的关系提供了新的线索。
Music often evokes spontaneous movements in listeners that are synchronized with the music, a phenomenon that has been characterized as being in "the groove." However, the musical factors that contribute to listeners' initiation of stimulus-coupled action remain unclear. Evidence suggests that newly appearing objects in auditory scenes orient listeners' attention, and that in multipart music, newly appearing instrument or voice parts can engage listeners' attention and elicit arousal. We posit that attentional engagement with music can influence listeners' spontaneous stimulus-coupled movement. Here, 2 experiments-involving participants with and without musical training-tested the effect of staggering instrument entrances across time and varying the number of concurrent instrument parts within novel multipart music on listeners' engagement with the music, as assessed by spontaneous sensorimotor behavior and self-reports. Experiment 1 assessed listeners' moment-to-moment ratings of perceived groove, and Experiment 2 examined their spontaneous tapping and head movements. We found that, for both musically trained and untrained participants, music with more instruments led to higher ratings of perceived groove, and that music with staggered instrument entrances elicited both increased sensorimotor coupling and increased reports of perceived groove. Although untrained participants were more likely to rate music as higher in groove, trained participants showed greater propensity for tapping along, and they did so more accurately. The quality of synchronization of head movements with the music, however, did not differ as a function of training. Our results shed new light on the relationship between complex musical scenes, attention, and spontaneous sensorimotor behavior.