2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Induced Global Propagation of Ionospheric Disturbances via Lamb Waves
2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Induced Global Propagation of Ionospheric Disturbances via Lamb Waves
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DOI：
10.3389/fspas.2022.871275
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发表时间：
2022-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shunrong Zhang;J. Vierinen;Ercha Aa;L. Goncharenko;P. Erickson;W. Rideout;A. Coster;A. Spicher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shunrong Zhang;J. Vierinen;Ercha Aa;L. Goncharenko;P. Erickson;W. Rideout;A. Coster;A. Spicher
汤加火山于2022年1月15日04：14：45 UT爆发，向大气中释放了大量能量，不仅在震中附近，而且在全球整个大气中引发了非常显著的地球物理变化。这项研究提供了一幅至少持续4天的电离层扰动的全球图像。我们发现电离层扰动（TID）沿着沿着整个大圆轨迹以300-350 m/s（取决于传播方向）和500- 1000 km的水平波长传播，在爆发后的100小时内绕地球仪三圈，六次经过美国大陆。在近场和远场，随激波阵面的TID发展了10 ~ 8h，主要周期为10-30 min. TID的全球传播与以声速传播的兰姆波的效果是一致的。虽然这些振荡通常局限于对流层，但已知兰姆波能量通过诸如声波和重力波频率的大气共振等通道泄漏到热层中，在高海拔携带大量的波幅。在文献中，普遍存在的兰姆波被报道为对1883年喀拉喀托火山爆发和其他地质灾害的大气响应。这项研究提供了大量的第一个证据，证明它们在全球电离层中的长期印记。这项研究是由全球5，000多个全球导航卫星系统地面接收器的电离层测量促成的，表明电离层测量作为大气波和地球物理扰动的敏感探测器的广泛意义。
The Tonga volcano eruption at 04:14:45 UT on 2022-01-15 released enormous amounts of energy into the atmosphere, triggering very significant geophysical variations not only in the immediate proximity of the epicenter but also globally across the whole atmosphere. This study provides a global picture of ionospheric disturbances over an extended period for at least 4 days. We find traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) radially outbound and inbound along entire Great-Circle loci at primary speeds of ∼300–350 m/s (depending on the propagation direction) and 500–1,000 km horizontal wavelength for front shocks, going around the globe for three times, passing six times over the continental US in 100 h since the eruption. TIDs following the shock fronts developed for ∼8 h with 10–30 min predominant periods in near- and far- fields. TID global propagation is consistent with the effect of Lamb waves which travel at the speed of sound. Although these oscillations are often confined to the troposphere, Lamb wave energy is known to leak into the thermosphere through channels such as atmospheric resonance at acoustic and gravity wave frequencies, carrying substantial wave amplitudes at high altitudes. Prevailing Lamb waves have been reported in the literature as atmospheric responses to the gigantic Krakatoa eruption in 1883 and other geohazards. This study provides substantial first evidence of their long-duration imprints up in the global ionosphere. This study was enabled by ionospheric measurements from 5,000+ world-wide Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground receivers, demonstrating the broad implication of the ionosphere measurement as a sensitive detector for atmospheric waves and geophysical disturbances.