Grandparental effects in marine sticklebacks: transgenerational plasticity across multiple generations
Grandparental effects in marine sticklebacks: transgenerational plasticity across multiple generations
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.12490
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Wegner, K. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shama, L. N. S.;Wegner, K. M.
非遗传遗传机制，如跨代可塑性（TGP）可以缓冲人口对快速的环境变化，如海洋变暖。然而，人们对这些影响持续多久以及它们是否会在几代人之间累积知之甚少。在这里，我们测试了适应性三峡工程在模拟海洋变暖的父母和祖父母代的海洋刺鱼。祖父母在生殖调节过程中适应了两个月，而父母经历了发育适应，使我们能够比较多代人短期与长期暴露于高温的适应性后果。我们发现，繁殖输出的F1成人主要是由母亲的发育温度，但从祖父母的驯化环境的结转效应导致累积的负面影响，温度升高孵化成功。在生长的非常早期阶段，F2后代在父系的父系和祖父母环境中达到了更大的尺寸，这表明除了父系基因组之外的其他因素可能会在两代之间转移。在后期的生长阶段，母亲和母亲的祖父环境强烈影响后代的身体大小，但在相反的方向，表明机制（S）的基础上的环境信息的传输可能有不同的急性和发育驯化经历的两代。两者合计，我们的研究结果表明，父母和祖父母三峡工程的健身后果是高度依赖于上下文，但将发挥重要作用，在调解一些快速气候变化的影响，在这个系统中。
Nongenetic inheritance mechanisms such as transgenerational plasticity (TGP) can buffer populations against rapid environmental change such as ocean warming. Yet, little is known about how long these effects persist and whether they are cumulative over generations. Here, we tested for adaptive TGP in response to simulated ocean warming across parental and grandparental generations of marine sticklebacks. Grandparents were acclimated for two months during reproductive conditioning, whereas parents experienced developmental acclimation, allowing us to compare the fitness consequences of short-term vs. prolonged exposure to elevated temperature across multiple generations. We found that reproductive output of F1 adults was primarily determined by maternal developmental temperature, but carry-over effects from grandparental acclimation environments resulted in cumulative negative effects of elevated temperature on hatching success. In very early stages of growth, F2 offspring reached larger sizes in their respective paternal and grandparental environment down the paternal line, suggesting that other factors than just the paternal genome may be transferred between generations. In later growth stages, maternal and maternal granddam environments strongly influenced offspring body size, but in opposing directions, indicating that the mechanism(s) underlying the transfer of environmental information may have differed between acute and developmental acclimation experienced by the two generations. Taken together, our results suggest that the fitness consequences of parental and grandparental TGP are highly context dependent, but will play an important role in mediating some of the impacts of rapid climate change in this system.